SynthesisNeurosurgical review2024
The effect of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy on fusion rate in spinal surgery using osteobiologics for patients with metastatic spinal disease: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Neurosurgical review, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bridging the Gap: Biological Reconstruction with Vascularised Fibula, Massive Allograft, or Capanna Technique After Intercalary Resection in Children and Young Adults with Lower Limb Bone Sarcoma.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- AO Spine Clinical Practice Recommendations: An Overview of the Current State of Fusion Surgery for Patients With Spinal Metastasis: Is Fusion Necessary?Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Use of gross total resection and adjunctive therapy in treatment of spinal column tumors in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis.Surgical neurology international · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the impact that adjuvant therapies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have on osteobiologic properties and bony regeneration in patients with metastatic spine disease (MSD) undergoing spinal fusion surgery.
methodsPubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov searches were performed. MSD patients undergoing fusion surgery with an osteobiologic and radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy were included. Demographics, primary tumor, surgery, adjuvant treatments, osteobiologic type, fusion rates with scoring criteria, hardware failure, reoperation rates, follow-up, and survival were extracted. 1487 studies were screened, 20 included.
results585 patients (464 with MSD) had fusion rates ranging from 17.9 to 100%. In the setting of radiotherapy, fusion rates of 10 studies using autologous bone graft (autograft), 5 studies using allogenic bone graft (allograft), 5 studies using combination autograft/allograft, 4 studies using biomaterial scaffolds (BMS), 3 studies using demineralized bone matrices (DBM), and 1 study using growth factors (GF), were 50-100%, 17.9-100%, 57.8-100%, 52.9-100%, 20-100%, and 100%, respectively. A higher incidence of fusion in patients with autograft or allograft receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) at lower biologically effective doses (BED) and at least 1-month postoperatively was noted. Chemotherapy had no impact on fusion. No studies evaluated the impact of immunotherapy on fusion.
conclusionsSBRT at lower doses given greater than 1-month postoperatively may enhance bony fusion in patients receiving autograft, allograft, or autograft/allograft. Chemotherapy may delay bony fusion without affecting overall fusion rates. Preclinical studies suggest immunotherapy may prevent osteolysis and promote osteogenesis, but no studies have yet evaluated the clinical impact of these findings on spinal fusion. Further research is needed on osteobiologics in bony regeneration in the MSD population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39402387What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.