Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39402597›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2024

The economic burden of type 2 diabetes on the public healthcare system in Kenya: a cost of illness study.

Caroline H Karugu, Charles Agyemang, Patrick Gueswendé Ilboudo, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Lilian Mburu, Milka Wanjohi, Richard E Sanya, Aisha Moolla, Veronica Ojiambo, Petronell Kruger and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Caroline H KaruguChronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya. ckarugu@aphrc.org.
Charles AgyemangDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Patrick Gueswendé IlboudoChronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Micheal Kofi BoachieDiscipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Lilian MburuChronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Milka WanjohiChronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Richard E SanyaChronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Aisha MoollaSAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, PRICELESS SA, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
Veronica OjiamboChronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Petronell KrugerSAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, PRICELESS SA, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
Stefanie VandevijvereSciensano, Service of Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases, Brussels, Belgium.
Gershim AsikiChronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a growing public health concern. The availability of cost-of-illness data, particularly public healthcare costs for NCDs, is limited in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet such data evidence is needed for policy action.

objectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on Kenya's public healthcare system in 2021 and project costs for 2045.

methodsThis was a cost-of-illness study using the prevalence-based bottom-up costing approach to estimate the economic burden of T2D in the year 2021. We further conducted projections on the estimated costs for the year 2045. The costs were estimated corresponding to the care, treatment, and management of diabetes and some diabetes complications based on the primary data collected from six healthcare facilities in Nairobi and secondary costing data from previous costing studies in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The data capture and costing analysis were done in Microsoft Excel 16, and sensitivity analysis was conducted on all the parameters to estimate the cost changes.

resultsThe total cost of managing T2D for the healthcare system in Kenya was estimated to be US$ 635 million (KES 74,521 million) in 2021. This was an increase of US$ 2 million (KES 197 million) considering the screening costs of undiagnosed T2D in the country. The major cost driver representing 59% of the overall costs was attributed to T2D complications, with nephropathy having the highest estimated costs of care and management (US$ 332 million (KES 36, 457 million). The total cost for T2D was projected to rise to US$ 1.6 billion (KES 177 billion) in 2045.

conclusionThis study shows that T2D imposes a huge burden on Kenya's healthcare system. There is a need for government and societal action to develop and implement policies that prevent T2D, and appropriately plan care for those diagnosed with T2D.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health Care CostsAdultFemaleHumansKenyaMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceBottom-up costingChronic diseasesCost-of-illnessDiabetes complicationsKenyaNon-communicable diseasesPublic healthcare systemType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39402597
PMCPMC11472539

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.