SynthesisPituitary2024
Hypophysitis in COVID-19: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Pituitary, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- An update on hypophysitis.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Pitfalls in the management of undiagnosed secondary adrenal insufficiency: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Review
- A pediatric case of central diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism after COVID-19 suspected with lymphocytic hypophysitis with positive anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D in the elderly: the phil-rouge in preventing bone, muscle and adipose deterioration?Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Relationship between COVID-19 and hypopituitarism: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Primary autoimmune hypothalamitis: management strategies and long-term outcomes in a tertiary care setting with a focused review of literature.Endocrine · 2025Review
- The origin of autoimmune diseases: is there a role for ancestral HLA-II haplotypes in immune hyperactivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effect of Pituitary-Target Gland Axis on RAAS in the Context of COVID-19.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Treatment and outcome of a boy with lgG4-related hypophysitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 re-infection.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis systematic review aims to collect and examine recent research findings regarding hypophysitis in COVID-19 patients.
methodWe conducted a comprehensive literature review in English on the topic "Hypophysitis in COVID-19," using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database in July 2024. The selected articles were systematically tabulated and we have assessed in this review patient demographics, symptom presentation, imaging results, diagnosis, clinical management, and outcomes.
resultsSeven reported cases of post-COVID-19 hypophysitis were identified, comprising 4 (57%) females and 3 (43%) males, with a median age of 37 years. The interval between COVID-19 infection symptoms and the onset of hypophysitis ranged from 2 to 3 weeks. Initial symptoms included frontal headache in 4 (57%) cases and polyuria and polydipsia in 3 (43%) cases. Anterior or posterior hypopituitarism was observed in 6 (85%) patients. Radiological findings varied: 2 (28.5%) cases showed panhypophysitis, 3 (43%) cases exhibited gland enlargement with homogeneous contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 1 case involved the loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot, and 1 case involved pituitary apoplexy/enlargement of the gland and infundibulum. No pituitary biopsies were performed. Four (57%) patients received glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Long-term follow-up was documented in only one case, a 16-year-old female followed for 2 years reporting complete clinical and radiological resolution.
conclusionAlthough rare, hypophysitis related to COVID-19 is documented in the literature exhibiting distinct characteristics such as a homogeneous gender prevalence, an average age of onset around 35 years, and primary symptoms of headache, polyuria, and polydipsia which are indicative of angiotensin-vasopressin deficiency. This is in contrast with primary autoimmune hypophysitis characterized by a female prevalence and typical symptoms with headache and visual impairment. Longer-term follow-up of these patients is needed to better understand the potential lasting impact on pituitary function and radiological improvement. Future research should also explore the presence of anti-pituitary antibodies and the other possible pathophysiological mechanisms potentially involved in these cases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.