Evidence mapPaperPMID 39405177Full record

SynthesisNutrition reviews2025

Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Maria Besora-Moreno, Elisabet Llauradó, Rosa M Valls, Anna Pedret, Rosa Solà

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrition reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Sarcopenia and MASLD: novel insights and the future.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Maria Besora-MorenoUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Elisabet LlauradóUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, 43201 Reus, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7439-9531
Rosa M VallsUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Anna PedretUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Rosa SolàUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, 43201 Reus, Spain.

Funding

Agencia de Gestión de Ayudas Universitarias y de InvestigaciónAgencia de Gestión de Ayudas Universitarias y de Investigación, Generalitat de Catalunya 2021-SGR-00817European Social Fund 2022 FI_B2 00011European Social Fund PID2019-105164RB-I00European UnionGeneralitat de Catalunya 2021-SGR-00817Research State Agency MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de CatalunyaSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextThere is scarce evidence about which probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic supplementation is the most appropriate to improve sarcopenia parameters, and this presents a challenge.

objectiveThe effects of consumption of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on sarcopenia, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance and function were assessed in this study. In addition, another aim of the study was to determine the best probiotic, prebiotic, and/or synbiotic for the management of sarcopenia in older adults. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS databases, and other sources (eg, references obtained from articles identified in databases). DATA EXTRACTION: The search was limited from 2000 to 2023 and was based on sarcopenia parameters, and probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics supplementation. The quality of each included study also was assessed. DATA ANALYSIS: A meta-analysis was performed with the Review Manager program and publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed.

resultsEight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review and 4 in the meta-analysis. Results showed that probiotics supplementation improved muscle strength and physical performance and function and suggested a beneficial effect on muscle mass. Prebiotics are suggested to be effective on muscle strength. The meta-analysis also determined that probiotic interventions were effective in increasing muscle strength by handgrip strength (mean difference [MD], 2.50 kg [95% CI, 1.33-3.66]; P < .0001) and physical performance and function by gait speed (MD, 0.10 m/s [95% CI, 1.33-3.66]; P < .0001) and physical performance and function by gait speed (MD, 0.10 m/s [95%CI, 0.03-0.16]; P = .003), but when sensitivity analysis was applied, the effectiveness was only maintained for gait speed.

conclusionNutritional strategies based on probiotic supplementation seem to improve muscle strength and physical function. More robust research is needed with high-quality RCTs to confirm probiotics' effects. There is still limited evidence about prebiotic and synbiotic strategies, and more evidence is needed to elucidate their effects on sarcopenia parameters. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022360514.

Indexed as

PrebioticsProbioticsSarcopeniaSynbioticsAgedAged, 80 and overDietary SupplementsFemaleHumansMaleMuscle, SkeletalMuscle StrengthPhysical Functional PerformanceRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicPrebioticsagedprebioticprobioticsarcopeniasynbiotic

Identifiers

PMID39405177
PMCPMC12166170

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.