ArticleNutrients2024
Study on Vitamin K Levels in Mature Milk of Chinese Lactating Mothers.
Article in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protecting Newborns from Multidrug-Resistant Infections: The Emerging Role of Bacteriophages.Viruses · 2026Review
- Vitamin K Biochemistry and Pharmacokinetics: The Basis of Late Vitamin K Deficiency Intracranial Bleeding in Early Infancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Mother to Baby: The Role of Human Milk Vitamins in Infant Body Development and Breast Milk Jaundice-An Observational Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study sought to understand the levels of vitamin K in the mature milk of Chinese lactating mothers, thereby providing a foundation for the development of appropriate intake (AI) of vitamin K for infants aged 0-5 months.
methodsFive hundred healthy lactating mothers were selected from the mature milk bank established by the Chinese Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Health Cohort by using a simple random sample procedure. Relevant information about lactating mothers and their infants was obtained by a questionnaire survey. Vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 (MK-4 and MK-7) in mature milk were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
resultsThe total concentration of vitamin K in mature milk was 4.50 (2.85-6.33) ng/mL. The concentrations of vitamin K1, vitamin K2, MK-4, and MK-7 were 2.81 (1.66-4.39) ng/mL, 1.37 (0.75-2.11) ng/mL, 1.20 (0.58-1.97) ng/mL, and 0.13 (0.08-0.19) ng/mL, respectively. The concentration of vitamin K1 was highest and the concentration of MK-7 was lowest. The concentrations of vitamin K2 and MK-4 in mature milk from the south were significantly higher than those in mature milk from the north. The total vitamin K, vitamin K2, and MK-4 concentrations in mature milk of lactating mothers residing in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas. There was a tendency for the concentration of total vitamin K and vitamin K1 to increase with the mother's age. Moreover, the concentration of MK-4 in mature milk was highest in summer, followed by spring and winter. The levels of vitamin K1 and MK-4 in mature milk were found to be affected by lactation stage; they were highest at 91-120 days and lowest at 31-60 days.
conclusionsBased on the concentration of vitamin K in mature milk found in this study, it is recommended that the appropriate intake of VK for Chinese infants aged 0-5 months is 3.49 μg/d (2.18 μg/d for VK1 and 1.06 μg/d for VK2).
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