ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Evidence for a Pro-Inflammatory State of Macrophages from Non-Obese Type-2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intervention ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in db/db mice by mitigating cortical insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism impairment.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Research on the mechanism of cow milk protein dietary intervention in ameliorating systemic chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes by disrupting the ROS-M1 macrophage axis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Impaired Efferocytosis of Pericytes and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Diabetic Retinopathy.Cells · 2025Review
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids Weaken Lymphocyte Inflammatory Features and Improve Glycemic Control in Nonobese Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats.Nutrients · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity causes insulin resistance (IR) through systemic low-grade inflammation and can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms that cause IR and T2DM in non-obese individuals are unclear. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat develops IR spontaneously and is a model of non-obese T2DM. These rats exhibit hyperglycemia beginning at weaning and exhibit lower body mass than control Wistar rats. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that macrophages of GK rats are permanently in a pro-inflammatory state, which may be associated with a systemic inflammation condition that mimics the pathogenesis of obesity-induced T2DM. Using eighteen-week-old GK and control Wistar rats, we investigated the proportions of M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity. Additionally, the production of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured macrophages under basal and stimulated conditions was assessed. It was found that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation increased GK rat macrophage ROS production 90-fold compared to basal levels. This response was also three times more pronounced than in control cells (36-fold). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tended to be upregulated in cultured macrophages from GK rats under basal conditions. Macrophages from GK rats produced 1.6 times more granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 1.5 times more monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and 3.3 times more TNF-α than control cells when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (
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