ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025
Association of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the ACCORD cohort.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Association Between NHHR and Future Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients With CKM Stages 0-3: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Association of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) with cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and carotid plaque: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Non-HDL-to-HDL cholesterol ratio predicts incident T2DM and CHD in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from a large clinical cohort and NHANES.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Associations of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among general population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Baseline and longitudinal patterns of Non-HDL-C to HDL-C ratio (NHHR) and major adverse cardiovascular events in peripheral artery disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prognostic significance of HANBAH score in evaluating mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- The impact of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) on the development of prediabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a national cohort study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Observational
- Changes in non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) and cardiovascular disease: insights from CHARLS.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality among hypertension patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and cardiovascular disease mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Non-HDL-C/HDL-C Ratio and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the general and hospital-based population: a cross-sectional validation study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the ACCORD cohort.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo explore the association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/HDL-C ratio (NHHR) and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND
methodsNHHR, calculated as (total cholesterol - HDL-C)/HDL-C, was evaluated in 10,188 participants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to assess the association of NHHR with future risk of MACEs and overall mortality. Restricted cubic spline analysis, smooth curve fitting and piecewise regression models were utilized to explore the non-linear correlation and establish the threshold. Subgroup and interaction analyses verified the robustness of the findings. The area under the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve assessed the additional predictive value of NHHR beyond conventional risk factors.
resultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, each 1-unit increase in NHHR was associated with a 12% increased risk of MACEs (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.16; p < 0.0001), a 5% increase in overall mortality (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; p = 0.0256), a 10% increase in cardiovascular disease mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18; p = 0.0074), an 12% increase in non-fatal myocardial infarction (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18; p = 0.0002), and an 11% increase in non-fatal stroke (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20; p = 0.0123). Analyses showed a non-linear relationship between NHHR and MACEs in patients with T2DM (non-linearity p < 0.001). A two-stage linear regression model identified a threshold for MACEs at 6.28. Integration NHHR into the conventional model significantly enhanced predictive accuracy for MACEs.
conclusionsNHHR is a predictor of the risk of developing MACEs and overall mortality in patients with T2DM, with higher NHHR values independently associated with increased future MACE risks after full adjustment for confounders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.