Evidence mapPaperPMID 39417406Full record

ReviewPharmacology research & perspectives2024

The gut-brain axis in appetite, satiety, food intake, and eating behavior: Insights from animal models and human studies.

Georgia S Clarke, Amanda J Page, Sally Eldeghaidy

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07627802 (Analysis of Ghrelin Concentration in the Blood Serum of Patients With Different Nutritional Status Following Consumption of a Standarized Meal.), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07627802 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Analysis of Ghrelin Concentration in the Blood Serum of Patients With Different Nutritional Status Following Consumption of a Standarized Meal.

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of BialystokRan2025 to 2026Enrolled80ConditionsObesityArmsNutridrink Protein
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Peptide Hormones in Appetite Regulation: A Complex Network.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Interaction of physical activity and gut-brain axis: relevance for obesity.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Pharmacology and Regulation of Appetite and Food Intake.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Georgia S ClarkeSchool of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Amanda J PageSchool of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7086-5865
Sally EldeghaidyDivision of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9879-1100

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in the finely tuned orchestration of food intake, where both homeostatic and hedonic processes collaboratively control our dietary decisions. This interplay involves the transmission of mechanical and chemical signals from the gastrointestinal tract to the appetite centers in the brain, conveying information on meal arrival, quantity, and chemical composition. These signals are processed in the brain eventually leading to the sensation of satiety and the termination of a meal. However, the regulation of food intake and appetite extends beyond the realms of pure physiological need. Hedonic mechanisms, including sensory perception (i.e., through sight, smell, and taste), habitual behaviors, and psychological factors, exert profound influences on food intake. Drawing from studies in animal models and human research, this comprehensive review summarizes the physiological mechanisms that underlie the gut-brain axis and its interplay with the reward network in the regulation of appetite and satiety. The recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques, with a focus on human studies that enable investigation of the neural mechanisms underpinning appetite regulation are discussed. Furthermore, this review explores therapeutic/pharmacological strategies that hold the potential for controlling food intake.

Indexed as

AppetiteBrain-Gut AxisEatingFeeding BehaviorAnimalsAppetite RegulationBrainGastrointestinal TractHumansModels, AnimalSatiationSatiety Responsebrain imagingfMRIGLP‐1gut–brain axishedonichomesostaticobesity

Identifiers

PMID39417406
PMCPMC11483575

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.