ReviewPharmacology research & perspectives2024
The gut-brain axis in appetite, satiety, food intake, and eating behavior: Insights from animal models and human studies.
Review in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07627802 (Analysis of Ghrelin Concentration in the Blood Serum of Patients With Different Nutritional Status Following Consumption of a Standarized Meal.), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Analysis of Ghrelin Concentration in the Blood Serum of Patients With Different Nutritional Status Following Consumption of a Standarized Meal.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nucleus accumbens GLP-1 signaling and its role in reward and metabolic regulation: a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the Association Between Overweight, Obesity, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Maternal obesity and the embryonic rewiring of feeding circuits: Beyond the hypothalamus.Molecular metabolism · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide as a multi-organ integrator in metabolic diseases: a review of molecular mechanisms and clinical translation.Endocrine · 2026Review
- Peptide Hormones in Appetite Regulation: A Complex Network.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Macronutrient mixtures and interactions in health and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Dietary Fiber and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obesity Management: Converging Mechanisms, Interactions, and Strategies for Durable Weight Control.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Genetic variability in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and its role in weight loss.Molecular metabolism · 2026Review
- Interaction of physical activity and gut-brain axis: relevance for obesity.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic regulation of sepsis-associated anorexia: cytokine and hormonal signalling through AgRP/POMC circuits.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Release of Bioactive Peptides from Whey Protein During In Vitro Digestion and Their Effect on CCK Secretion in Enteroendocrine Cells: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Craving fullness: a fullness-seeking phenotype that blurs the line between binge eating disorder and food addiction.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Regulation of feeding and metabolism by fat mass and obesity-associated protein in zebrafish.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptors in the rat nodose ganglion are involved in the transduction of stress-induced visceral sensory signals to the brain.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Savoring Satiety: An Exploratory Analysis of the Neural Correlates of Sensory-Specific Satiety.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of metabolic surgery effectiveness in obesity and type 2 diabetes: a puzzle with some known pieces.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Type 2 Diabetes and the Multifaceted Gut-X Axes.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Pharmacology and Regulation of Appetite and Food Intake.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Article
- Amylin: emergent therapeutic opportunities in overweight, obesity and diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in the finely tuned orchestration of food intake, where both homeostatic and hedonic processes collaboratively control our dietary decisions. This interplay involves the transmission of mechanical and chemical signals from the gastrointestinal tract to the appetite centers in the brain, conveying information on meal arrival, quantity, and chemical composition. These signals are processed in the brain eventually leading to the sensation of satiety and the termination of a meal. However, the regulation of food intake and appetite extends beyond the realms of pure physiological need. Hedonic mechanisms, including sensory perception (i.e., through sight, smell, and taste), habitual behaviors, and psychological factors, exert profound influences on food intake. Drawing from studies in animal models and human research, this comprehensive review summarizes the physiological mechanisms that underlie the gut-brain axis and its interplay with the reward network in the regulation of appetite and satiety. The recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques, with a focus on human studies that enable investigation of the neural mechanisms underpinning appetite regulation are discussed. Furthermore, this review explores therapeutic/pharmacological strategies that hold the potential for controlling food intake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.