Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39420195›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2024

Metabolic syndrome.

Ian J Neeland, Soo Lim, André Tchernof, Amalia Gastaldelli, Janani Rangaswami, Chiadi E Ndumele, Tiffany M Powell-Wiley, Jean-Pierre Després

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 279 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
279citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

279 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026
    Pooled it
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  10. Trial
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  18. Lipid metabolism in moyamoya disease: Emerging evidence, vascular remodeling, and therapeutic implications.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review
  19. Features of Lipid Disorders in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

219 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ian J NeelandDepartment of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Soo LimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. limsoo@snu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-1671
André TchernofInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
Amalia GastaldelliInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-1651
Janani RangaswamiDivision of Nephrology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Chiadi E NdumeleDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Tiffany M Powell-WileyCardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-4131
Jean-Pierre DesprésInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada. jean-pierre.despres@criucpq.ulaval.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-583X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiplex modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other health outcomes, and is a major challenge to clinical practice and public health. The rising global prevalence of MetS, driven by urbanization, sedentary lifestyles and dietary changes, underlines the urgency of addressing this syndrome. We explore the complex underlying mechanisms, including genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissue and ectopic lipids in abdominal obesity, systemic inflammation and dyslipidaemia, and how they contribute to the clinical manifestations of MetS. Diagnostic approaches vary but commonly focus on abdominal obesity (assessed using waist circumference), hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, highlighting the need for population-specific and phenotype-specific diagnostic strategies. Management of MetS prioritizes lifestyle modifications, such as healthy dietary patterns, physical activity and management of excess visceral and ectopic adiposity, as foundational interventions. We also discuss emerging therapies, including new pharmacological treatments and surgical options, providing a forward-looking perspective on MetS research and care. This Primer aims to inform clinicians, researchers and policymakers about MetS complexities, advocating for a cohesive, patient-centred management and prevention strategy. Emphasizing the multifactorial nature of MetS, this Primer calls for integrated public health efforts, personalized care and innovative research to address this escalating health issue.

Indexed as

Metabolic SyndromeDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansInsulin ResistanceLife StyleObesity, AbdominalRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID39420195

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.