Evidence mapPaperPMID 39424350Full record

Trial reportBMJ open diabetes research & care2024

Effect of weight-maintaining ketogenic diet on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in obese T2D subjects.

Aurora Merovci, Brittany Finley, Andrea Hansis-Diarte, Sivaram Neppala, Muhammad A Abdul-Ghani, Eugenio Cersosimo, Curtis Triplitt, Ralph A DeFronzo

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  14. HIF1α mediates circadian regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and substrate preference in response to time-of-day exercise.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aurora MerovciDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Brittany FinleyDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Andrea Hansis-DiarteDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Sivaram NeppalaDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Muhammad A Abdul-GhaniDiabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Eugenio CersosimoMedicine, Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2573-0208
Curtis TriplittDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Ralph A DeFronzoDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA defronzo@uthscsa.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-3839-1724

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLow carbohydrate ketogenic diets have received renewed interest for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These diets promote weight loss, improve glycemic control, and reduce insulin resistance. However, whether the improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity are secondary to the weight loss or result from a direct effect of hyperketonemia is controversial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methods29 overweight obese subjects were randomized to one of three dietary interventions for 10 days: (1) Weight-maintaining standard diet; (2) Weight-maintaining ketogenic diet; (3) Weight-maintaining ketogenic diet plus supplementation with the ketone ester of beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OH-B), 8 g every 8 hours. At baseline, all subjects had oral glucose tolerance test, 2-step euglycemic insulin clamp (20 mU/m

resultsBody weight, fat content, and per cent body fat (DEXA) remained constant over the 10-day dietary intervention period in all three groups. Plasma β-OH-B concentration increased twofold, while carbohydrate oxidation decreased, and lipid oxidation increased demonstrating the expected shifts in substrate metabolism with institution of the ketogenic diet. Glucose tolerance either decreased slightly or remained unchanged in the two ketogenic diet groups. Whole body (muscle), liver, and adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin remained unchanged in all 3 groups, as did the plasma lipid profile and blood pressure.

conclusionIn the absence of weight loss, a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet has no beneficial effect on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or other metabolic parameters.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, KetogenicInsulin ResistanceObesityWeight Loss3-Hydroxybutyric AcidAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlucose Tolerance TestGlycemic ControlHumansInsulinMaleMiddle Aged3-Hydroxybutyric AcidBlood GlucoseInsulinDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietKetonesObesity

Identifiers

PMID39424350
PMCPMC11492932

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.