ArticleOsteoarthritis and cartilage2025
Sex-specific divergences in the types and timing of infiltrating immune cells during the intervertebral disc acute injury response and their associations with degeneration.
Article in Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- β-Catenin-Deficient Intervertebral Disc Cells Reduce Chemotactic Transcription and Myeloid Cell Recruitment to Injured Discs of Mice.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Gut-Intervertebral Disc Axis: Gut Microbiome-Driven Immune-Metabolic Imbalance and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Journal of cellular physiology · 2026Review
- Surviving the Nucleus Pulposus Desert: Next-Generation Strategies for Intervertebral Disc Cell Therapy.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Development of Intervertebral Disc Organoids through Directed Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hierarchical 3D Printing.ACS nano · 2026Article
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- Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Bone and Soft Tissue Chronic Inflammation Diseases.Small science · 2025Review
- Ablation of VEGFA following a lumbar intervertebral disc injury attenuates intradiscal neurovascular features and prevents chronic low back pain symptoms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Single cell RNA sequencing reveals shifts in cell maturity and function of endogenous and infiltrating cell types in response to acute intervertebral disc injury.Experimental cell research · 2025Article
- HMGB1 Mediates Macrophage Recruitment and Regional Intervertebral Disc Properties Following Injury.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Disc inflammation and intercellular communication in shaping the immune microenvironment of intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInadequate repair of the intervertebral disc (IVD) contributes to low back pain. Infiltrating immune cells into damaged tissues are critical mediators of repair, yet little is known about the identities, roles, and temporal regulation following IVD injury. By analyzing transcripts of immune cell markers, histopathologic analysis, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, we aimed to define the temporal cascade of infiltrating immune cells and their associations with IVD degeneration.
methodsCaudal IVDs from 12-week-old C57BL6/J mice were injured and monitored for 42 days post-injury. Transcriptional markers identifying myeloid, B, and T immune cells, and angiogenic factors were measured from the IVDs every 2-3 days. Histopathologic degeneration of the IVD was measured throughout. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to identify and localize cells including B, T, natural killer T (NKT) cells, monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, and dendritic cells.
resultsThe injured IVD revealed distinct phases of inflammation and proliferation. Robust temporal oscillation in the myeloid and T cell transcripts was observed in females. Cd3+ T cells were more abundant in females than in males. The Cd3+Cd4-Cd8- T cells that dominate the female cascade contain rare γδ T cells. Injury-mediated degeneration was prevalent in both sexes but more severe in males.
conclusionsThis study defines the coordinated infiltration of immune cells in the IVD following injury. We report the discovery of γδ T cells in the female IVD, and this was associated with less severe degeneration. γδ T cells have potent anti-inflammatory roles and may suppress degeneration following IVD injury.
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