Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39428938›Full record

ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2025

Alzheimer's Disease Protein Targets: Comprehensive Review and Future Directions.

Bandral Sunil Kumar, Basavana Gowda Hosur Dinesh, Sandra Ross Olakkengil Shajan, Nandini Markuli Sadashivappa, Damodar Nayak Ammunje, Selvaraj Kunjiappan, Panneerselvam Theivendren, Parasuraman Pavadai

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bandral Sunil KumarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0009-0006-3115-8849
Basavana Gowda Hosur DineshDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0000-0002-2306-4969
Sandra Ross Olakkengil ShajanDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0009-0008-1467-2701
Nandini Markuli SadashivappaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0009-0000-1923-6476
Damodar Nayak AmmunjeDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0000-0002-3904-4700
Selvaraj KunjiappanDepartment of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID 0000-0002-6741-5118
Panneerselvam TheivendrenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637205, India.ORCID 0000-0002-8197-4688
Parasuraman PavadaiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0000-0002-0779-4750

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual degenerative ailment of the nervous system that is marked by the buildup of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. This accumulation causes problems with the connections between nerve cells and the loss of these cells. This review paper explores the complex pathophysiology of AD, analyzing the neuronal loss reported in key brain regions like the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortical association areas. The text also examines subcortical nuclei participation, such as the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, serotonergic dorsal raphe, and cholinergic basal nucleus. Also, this review discusses the importance of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and metal ion dysregulation in the evolution of AD. Moreover, it explores the cholinergic theory and the influence of the APOE (apolipoprotein E) genotype on the effectiveness of therapy. This article thoroughly summarizes the current knowledge on AD, including its clinical symptoms and possible treatment approaches, by combining several theories and new targets. The study highlights the connection between the degree of tangle development and the severity of dementia, underlining the need for creative methods to tackle the complex difficulties of discovering drugs for AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer Diseasetau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsHumansAmyloid beta-Peptidestau ProteinsAlzheimer’s diseaseamyloid plaquecholinergic dysfunction.neurodegenerativeN-methyl d-aspartatetau protein

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.