ArticleNature reviews. Psychology2024
Executive function deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Nature reviews. Psychology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurological and biological correlations of ODD with ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in children and adolescents with mild attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of medicine and life · 2026Trial
- Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Cognitive Flexibility in Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Preservation of Higher-Order Cognition in Autistic Females: Evidence from Two Deeply-Phenotyped Cohorts in Hong Kong and the United States.Research square · 2026Article
- The Unique Roles of Executive Function in Co-Occurring Psychopathologies in Autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Problematic Social Media Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Attention and learning strategies reveal distinct dimensions of psychiatric diseases.Research square · 2026Article
- Reinventing amlodipine.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Review
- Microbiome biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: Toward prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in a National Sample of US Older Adults.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- How does 'autistic burnout' feel? A qualitative study exploring experiences of earlier and later-diagnosed autistic adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Combined tDCS and Neuropsychological Treatment for Adult ADHD: A Single-Case Feasibility Study on Cognitive and Emotional Outcomes.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- The Impact of ADHD on Children's Language Development.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Adult-diagnosed and childhood-diagnosed attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: cognitive and environmental contributions to symptom severity across different age of diagnosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive and emotional profiles in children with ASD, ADHD, and comorbid presentations: evidence for a distinct clinical phenotype.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The effects of VR-based multi-task sensorimotor intervention on motor performance in children with ADHD and DCD comorbidity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations between anxiety and working memory components in clinically evaluated children with and without ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- How the ASCENT model can help optimize exposure therapies for Autistic clients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Executive function deficits have been reported in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, little is known regarding which, if any, of these impairments are unique vs. shared in children with ADHD versus ASD. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current literature with a critical eye toward diagnostic, measurement, and third-variable considerations that should be leveraged to provide more definitive answers. We conclude that the field's understanding of ASD and ADHD executive function profiles is highly limited because most research on one disorder has failed to account for their co-occurrence and the presence of symptoms of the other disorder; a vast majority of studies have relied on traditional neuropsychological tests and/or informant-rated executive function scales that have poor specificity and construct validity; and most studies have been unable to account for the well-documented between-person heterogeneity within and across disorders. Currently, the most parsimonious conclusion is that children with ADHD and/or ASD tend to perform moderately worse than neurotypical children on a broad range of neuropsychological tests. However, the extent to which these difficulties are unique vs. shared, or attributable to impairments in specific executive functions subcomponents, remains largely unknown. We end with focused recommendations for future research that we believe will advance this important line of inquiry.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.