ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2024
Microvascular alterations of the ocular surface and retina in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retinal and choroidal microvascular alterations in ıdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an OCTA study.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Ocular surface characteristics and dry eye symptoms in primary biliary cholangitis patients complicated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of Conjunctival Microvascular Density in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Multimodal Correlation Study Based on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Long COVID Mechanisms, Microvascular Effects, and Evaluation Based on Incidence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
aimTo examine the disparities in macular retinal vascular density between individuals with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and healthy controls (HCs) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to investigate the changes in microvascular density in abnormal eyes.
methodsFor a retrospective case-control study, a total of 16 patients (32 eyes) diagnosed with CTD-ILD were selected as the ILD group. The 16 healthy volunteers with 32 eyes, matched in terms of age and sex with the patients, were recruited as control group. The macular retina's superficial retinal layer (SRL) and deep retinal layer (DRL) were examined and scanned using OCTA in each individual eye. The densities of retinal microvascular (MIR), macrovascular (MAR), and total microvascular (TMI) were calculated and compared. Changes in retinal vascular density in the macular region were analyzed using three different segmentation methods: central annuli segmentation method (C1-C6), hemispheric segmentation method [uperior right (SR), superior left (SL), inferior left (IL), and inferior right (IR)], and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) methods [superior (S), inferior (I), left (L), and right (R)]. The data were analyzed using Version 9.0 of GraphPad prism and Pearson analysis.
resultsThe OCTA data demonstrated a statistically significant difference (
conclusionPatients with CTD-ILD exhibits a significantly higher conjunctival vascular density compared to the HCs group. Conversely, their fundus retinal microvascular density is significantly lower. Furthermore, CTD-ILD patients display notably lower superficial and deep retinal vascular density in comparison to the HCs group. The inverse correlation between conjunctival vascular density and both superficial and deep retinal TMI suggests that detecting subtle changes in ocular microcirculation could potentially serve as an early diagnostic indicator for connective tissue diseases, thereby enhancing disease management.
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