ArticleKidney international reports2024
Increased Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With ESKD.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04328415 (Evaluation of the Blood-brain Barrier Disruption During Chronic Kidney Disease by 99mTc-DTPA Cerebral Scintigraphy), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Blood-brain Barrier Disruption During Chronic Kidney Disease by 99mTc-DTPA Cerebral Scintigraphy (BREIN)
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Kidney-Brain Axis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Uremic Toxins, Cognitive Decline, Mechanistic Pathways, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Depressive symptoms in chronic kidney disease: the hidden role of uremic toxins.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Mind the Gut: Cognitive Decline, Microbiota, and Nutrition-Related Modulators in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- Cognitive Impairment Predicts Adverse Outcomes in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- The Degree of Liver Steatosis Is Associated with Abnormally High Serum Levels of Markers of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Morbid Obesity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: structure, signaling, physiology and pathology.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Association between protein-energy wasting and cognitive impairment in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Microbiota-derived metabolites and cognitive dysfunction in dialysis patients: mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Chronic kidney disease and cardiac remodeling potentiate cognitive impairment progression: disentangling the sex-specific cross talk of kidney-heart-brain axis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Structural brain changes, cerebral oxygenation, and cognitive function in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Structural Connectivity Disruption and Structural-Functional Decoupling in Working Memory Networks Across Pre-Dialysis and Maintenance Hemodialysis End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Observational
- Comparative permeability of the blood-brain barrier to albumin, DTPA, and sucrose: effects of inflammation-induced disruption.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Association of hepatorenal function biomarkers with depression risk in geriatric psychiatry inpatient: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Drivers and mechanisms of cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Association of Phenylacetylglutamine and Cognitive Impairment in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Aβ-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage, and Renal Dysfunction in 5xFAD Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- From Risk Assessment to Management: Cardiovascular Complications in Pre- and Post-Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease: role of brain imaging, functional imaging, electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and sensors.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Cerebral white matter damage in patients with end-stage kidney disease associates with cognitive impairment.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. This cognitive impairment is associated with an increased permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rodents with CKD, linked to activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by indoxyl sulphate (IS). The objective of the BREIN study was to confirm the increased BBB permeability in humans with CKD. Method: The BREIN comparative study (NCT04328415) prospectively included patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and controls healthy volunteers matched in age, sex, and level of education to a patient. In all participants, BBB permeability was quantified by brain Results: Fifteen patients with ESKD and 14 healthy volunteers were analyzed. Patients with ESKD had higher BBB permeability compared to controls: 0.29 ± 0.07 versus 0.14 ± 0.06 %IA, Conclusion: Patients with ESKD display an increased BBB permeability compared to matched healthy volunteers. Association with uremic toxins and cognitive impairment needs to be assessed in larger cohorts of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.