Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39431377›Full record

ArticleArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2025

Incidence and Genetic Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Norway by Latitude.

Sigrid V Hestetun, Hamid K Rudsari, Piotr Jaholkowski, Alexey Shadrin, Kristine L Haftorn, Svend Andersen, Marite Rygg, Ellen Nordal, Oleksandr Frei, Ole A Andreassen and 3 more

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Article in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sigrid V HestetunOslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4199-4950
Hamid K RudsariOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Piotr JaholkowskiUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Alexey ShadrinOslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Kristine L HaftornOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-1839
Svend AndersenUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, and Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
Marite RyggNorwegian University of Science and Technology and St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Ellen NordalUniversity Hospital of North Norway and University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Oleksandr FreiOslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ole A AndreassenOslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Anne M SelvaagOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Ketil StørdalOslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Helga SannerOslo University Hospital and Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority 340421The Norwegian Women's Public Health Association 40052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe aimed to investigate the incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in the three geographic regions of Norway and whether potential regional incidence differences are explained by environmental or genetic factors across regions.

methodsWe conducted a register-based cohort study including all Norwegian children born from 2004 to 2019, with follow-up throughout 2020. The JIA diagnosis, defined by at least two International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes for JIA, was validated against medical records. The incidence rate (IR) and hazard ratio (HR) for JIA were estimated for all Norway and for the North, Mid, and South regions. In a subsample from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), the genetic risk for JIA was assessed in the three regions.

resultsAfter median 9.1 (range 0.3-16.0) years of follow-up, we identified 1,184 patients with JIA and 910,058 controls. The IR for JIA/100,000 person-years was 14.4 in all of Norway, 25.9 in the North region, 17.9 in the Mid region, and 12.5 in the South region. The HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of JIA in the North region was 2.07 (1.77-2.43) and in the Mid region HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.23-1.67) compared with the South region. Adjustments for perinatal factors, socioeconomic status, and early antibiotic exposure did not change our estimates substantially. In MoBa (238 patients with JIA, 57,392 controls), the association between JIA and region of birth was no longer significant when adjusting for genetic factors.

conclusionWe found a higher incidence of JIA with increasing latitude without evidence for available environmental factors explaining the observed gradient. In contrast, genetic factors modified the association, but further studies are warranted.

Indexed as

Arthritis, JuvenileAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesDemographyEnvironmentFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansIncidenceInfantMaleNorwayRoutinely Collected Health Data

Identifiers

PMID39431377
PMCPMC11936499

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.