Exploring the material basis and molecular targets of Changma Xifeng tablet in treating Tourette syndrome: an integrative approach of network pharmacology and miRNA analysis.

This study was to investigate the mechanism of Changma Xifeng tablet, a traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Network pharmacology was utilized to pinpoint blood-entering constituents of Changma Xifeng and explore their potential targets. Additionally, differential microRNA expression analysis was conducted to predict Tourette syndrome-associated targets, complemented by molecular docking and dynamics simulations to support the interactions of the active compounds with these targets. The study identified 98 common targets between Changma Xifeng and Tourette syndrome, which may be involved in the treatment process. A protein-protein interaction network and a drug-active ingredient-disease target network highlighted the formulation's multi-component, multi-target therapeutic approach. Eight pivotal targets-AR, GRM5, MET, RORA, HTR2A, CNR1, PDE4B, and TOP1-were identified at the intersection of microRNA and drug targets. Molecular docking revealed 12 complexes with favorable binding energies below - 7 kcal/mol, specifically: AR with Alfacalcidol, TOP1 with Albiflorin, GRM5 with Arachidic Acid, GRM5 with Palmitic Acid, AR with Arachidic Acid, AR with 2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic Acid, RORA with Pinellic Acid, RORA with Palmitic Acid, AR with Acoronene, AR with Epiacoronene, AR with 4,4'-Methylenediphenol, and HTR2A with Calycosin. Our molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest potential stable interactions between the formulation's active components and target proteins. These computational methods provide a preliminary theoretical framework that will guide our future experimental work. The study provides a scientific rationale for the use of traditional Chinese medicine in Tourette syndrome management and offers new insights for drug development.