Evidence mapPaperPMID 39436786Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Effects of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on β-Cell Response in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Barbara A Gower, Amy M Goss, Marian L Yurchishin, Sarah E Deemer, Bhuvana Sunil, William T Garvey

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. A Case Report on the Metabolic Effects of a Very-Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet in a Patient WithDiabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Barbara A GowerDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8461-4613
Amy M GossDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8772-2935
Marian L YurchishinDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1544-6841
Sarah E DeemerDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4758-6796
Bhuvana SunilDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1105-7056
William T GarveyDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8963-1412

Funding

UAB Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC)P30DK056336 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 2000 to 2025
$6.0M
UAB Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079626 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 2025 to 2025
$1.3M
UAB Pre-Doctoral Training Program in Obesity-Related ResearchT32HL105349 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 2025 to 2025
$418k
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL105349NHLBI NIH HHS T32HL105349)NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK056336NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK116726NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK116726UAB Diabetes Research Center P30DK079626UAB Nutrition Obesity Research Center P30DK56336
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextβ-Cell response to glucose is compromised in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), possibly due in part to excessive carbohydrate consumption.

objectiveThis study was conducted to determine if a eucaloric carbohydrate-restricted (CR) diet (∼9% energy from carbohydrate, 65% energy from fat), compared to a eucaloric higher carbohydrate (HC) diet (∼55% energy from carbohydrate, 20% energy from fat), would improve β-cell response to glucose in participants with T2D.

methodsParticipants were 57 African American and European American adults with T2D not using insulin. Medications were discontinued 1 to 2 weeks prior to baseline testing. A hyperglycemic clamp was used to assess the acute (first-phase) and maximal (arginine-stimulated) C-peptide response to glucose at baseline and after 12 weeks of controlled diet therapy (all food provided). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess the disposition index (DI).

resultsAt 12 weeks, a statistically significant effect of diet was observed on acute C-peptide response (2-fold greater with the CR diet; P < .01). For maximal C-peptide, a significant effect of diet was observed (22% greater with the CR diet; P < .05), as was a significant diet-by-race interaction (P < .05), indicating that the diet effect was specific to European Americans (48% greater with the CR diet; P < .01). OGTT results showed a significant effect of diet on DI at 12 weeks (32% greater with the CR diet; P < .05).

conclusionThese results suggest that a eucaloric CR diet has beneficial effects on β-cell function in patients with mild T2D.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedInsulin-Secreting CellsAdultAgedBlood GlucoseC-PeptideDietary CarbohydratesFemaleGlucose Clamp TechniqueGlucose Tolerance TestHumansInsulinMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseC-PeptideDietary CarbohydratesInsulindiet therapytype 2 diabetesβ-cell function

Identifiers

PMID39436786
PMCPMC12187186

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.