ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2024
The association between continuing work after retirement and the incidence of frailty: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.
Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Working Beyond Retirement on Cognitive Function Among the Retirement-Transition Population.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Does Workforce Participation After Retirement Age Affect the Use of Healthcare Services?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unraveling 'F' factor: towards a genetic-clinical framework for the musculoskeletal-heart crosstalk in metabolic aging.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Long-term trajectories and cumulative exposure of the triglyceride-glucose-frailty index in relation to hip fracture risk: evidence from a large-scale population-based cohort.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Bidirectional association between asthma and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: the mediating effect of frailty.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Frailty, depressive symptoms, and incident respiratory disease: a CHARLS cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal association of frailty levels with knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged and elderly chinese: a longitudinal cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Change of frailty index and anthropometric indices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Association between different dimensions of C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and the incidence of frailty in middle-aged and elderly adults in China: a nationwide prospective cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Combined associations of the frailty index and CHG index with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a longitudinal study from the CHARLS cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Osteosarcopenic obesity and the progression of physical frailty, cognition function, and mental health: First longitudinal evidence from ELSA.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Association of sarcopenia and frailty with sleep quality trajectories in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: findings from a nationally representative cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association of hemoglobin glycation index with frailty and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- The bidirectional relationship between knee osteoarthritis and frailty in China: A longitudinal study.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Association between urbanization levels and frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China: evidence from the CHARLS.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Association between frailty trajectories and stroke incidence among Chinese older adults: evidence from CHARLS 2011-2015.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesRetirement represents a significant life transition, with post-retirement status serving as a pivotal aspect of aging research. Despite its potential significance, little research has delved into the relationship between continuing work after retirement and the frailty. This study aims to investigate the association between continuing work after retirement and the incidence of frailty among older individuals.
designA nationally representative cohort study. SETTING AND
participantsWe utilized data from 4 waves (2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and a total of 5,960 participants were included in the study after applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
methodsFrailty was assessed using a Frailty Index. To balance baseline covariates between workers (n = 3,170) and non-workers (n = 2,790), we employed inverse propensity of treatment weighting. The relationship between work status and the incidence of frailty was examined using Cox proportional hazards analysis, with results reported as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
resultsA total of 5,960 participants (mean age 64 years; 42.1% male) were included in the analysis. Over a mean follow-up of 6.9 years, 2,105 cases of frailty were identified. In the cohort analysis, following adjustment using the inverse propensity of treatment weighting (IPTW), continuing work after retirement showed a negative association with frailty incidence, with an HR of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65-0.79). Subgroup analysis revealed a more significant protective effect of continuing work beyond retirement age among individuals aged 65 or older, males, smokers, and those with limited social activities.
conclusionsIn summary, this study identified a significant association between continuing work after retirement and a decreased risk of frailty. The findings underscore the potential benefits of policies promoting social engagement and extending working life in enhancing the quality of life for the aging population.
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