Evidence mapPaperPMID 39438404Full record

ArticlePharmacological reports : PR2025

Safety of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in cases with diabetes mellitus or/and heart failure: a retrospective pharmacovigilance study conducted on the eudravigilance database.

Annamaria Mascolo, Alessia Zinzi, Mario Gaio, Donatella Ruggiero, Cristina Scavone, Francesco Rossi, Annalisa Capuano

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In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacological reports : PR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Annamaria MascoloCampania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, 80138, Italy.
Alessia ZinziCampania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, 80138, Italy. alessia.zinzi@unicampania.it.
Mario GaioCampania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, 80138, Italy.
Donatella RuggieroCampania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, 80138, Italy.
Cristina ScavoneCampania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, 80138, Italy.
Francesco Rossi *Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, 80138, Italy.
Annalisa Capuano *Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, 80138, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDapagliflozin and empagliflozin are sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors initially approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and later for heart failure (HF). Considering this differential therapeutic use, we decided to evaluate cases related to these agents by comparing those with DM, HF, or both (DM and HF).

methodsA retrospective, pharmacovigilance study was conducted by using data contained in the EudraVigilance from January 1st, 2021, to December 31st, 2023. Cases were classified into those with DM, HF, or both diseases. The Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were computed to compare the reporting probability of the four most reported adverse events. The following comparisons were performed: DM vs. HF; both DM and HF vs. HF; both DM and HF vs. DM. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and time between the approval date of the SGLT2 inhibitor and the reporting date.

resultsA total of 14,594 (50.5%) cases were classifiable for DM (N = 11,962; 82.0%), HF (N = 2,100; 14.4%), or both DM and HF (N = 532; 3.64%). The empagliflozin was the most reported SGLT2 inhibitor (60.1%), and only 15 cases (0.1%) reported both empagliflozin and dapagliflozin. Cases with DM and both DM and HF were associated with a higher reporting probability of ketoacidosis (ROR: 5.95, 95%CI: 4.87-7.26; ROR: 3.05, 95%CI: 2.27-4.09) and Fournier's gangrene (ROR: 2.30, 95%CI: 1.65-3.20; ROR: 2.30, 95%CI: 1.38-3.82) than HF. These results were also confirmed by adjusted analyses.

conclusionWe found that ketoacidosis and Fournier's gangrene had a higher reporting in cases with DM. Further studies are warranted.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucosidesHeart FailureSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPharmacovigilanceRetrospective StudiesBenzhydryl CompoundsdapagliflozinempagliflozinGlucosidesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsDapagliflozinDiabetesEmpagliflozinHeart failurePharmacovigilanceSafety

Identifiers

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.