Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39445345›Full record

ArticleKidney research and clinical practice2026

Baseline characteristics and associated factors for hypertension in children with chronic kidney disease: results from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease study.

Ji Yeon Song, Keum Hwa Lee, Jae Il Shin, Hee Gyung Kang, Yo Han Ahn, Hee Sun Baek, Min Hyun Cho, Jiwon Jung, Joo Hoon Lee, Heeyeon Cho and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Kidney research and clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ji Yeon SongDepartment of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
Keum Hwa LeeDepartment of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jae Il ShinDepartment of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hee Gyung KangDepartment of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yo Han AhnDepartment of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hee Sun BaekDepartment of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Min Hyun ChoDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Jiwon JungDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Joo Hoon LeeDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Heeyeon ChoDepartment of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Kyoung Hee HanDepartment of Pediatrics, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Eujin ParkDepartment of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Eun Mi YangDepartment of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Seong Heon KimDepartment of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kimsh22@snu.ac.kr.

Funding

Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency 2011E3300300, 2012E3301100, 2013E3301600, 2013E3301601, 2013E3301602, 2016E3300200, 2016E3300201, 2016E3300202, 2019E320100, 2019E320101, 2019E320102, 2022-11-007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension is one of the most important complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as it exacerbates disease progression in children. The aim of this study is to identify characteristics and factors associated with hypertension in children with CKD.

methodsThis is a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the 10-year ongoing cohort study named KNOW-PedCKD (Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease). We enrolled finally 378 patients aged <18 years at seven major pediatric nephrology centers in Republic of Korea. Blood pressure was measured and samples and clinical data were collected during the patients' annual hospital visits.

resultsWe found that 30.7% of the patients had hypertension (n = 116); specifically, 16.4% (n = 62) had systolic hypertension, and 22.8% (n = 86) had diastolic hypertension. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; p < 0.001), female sex (OR, 2.32; p = 0.002), a high left ventricular mass index (OR, 1.05; p < 0.001), and a high urine protein/creatinine ratio (OR, 1.12; p = 0.02) were significant associated factors for systolic or diastolic hypertension.

conclusionThis study analyzed the associated factors for hypertension in children with CKD. Hypertension is associated with various factors, including age, sex, heart status, and proteinuria. Therefore, clinicians should consider these factors during patient evaluations to improve health outcomes.

Indexed as

Chronic renal insufficiencyCross-sectional cohort studiesHypertensionPediatrics

Identifiers

PMID39445345
PMCPMC13346899

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.