Evidence mapPaperPMID 39445800Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2025

Association of impaired fasting glucose with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: The Kailuan study.

Zhihui Guo, Shouling Wu, Mengyi Zheng, Pengfei Xia, Qiuyun Li, Qing He, Zhenqiang Song

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Zhihui GuoTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5477-2626
Shouling WuDepartment of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China.
Mengyi ZhengCardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Pengfei XiaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Qiuyun LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China.
Qing HeDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Zhenqiang SongNHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionWe investigated the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) in the Chinese population. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe included 119,368 participants, free of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, who participated in the health examination (2006, 2008, 2010) of the Kailuan Study. According to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, participants were divided into normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) (<6.1 mmol/L) and IFG (FBG 6.1-6.9 mmol/L) groups. CMM was defined as having two or more cardiometabolic diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes mellitus. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate associations between IFG and CMM.

resultsDuring a median follow-up period of 13.94 years, 2,432 CMM incident events occurred. After adjusting potential confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for CMM in the IFG group was 2.83 (95% CI 2.58-3.10) versus the normal FBG group. The HR of IFG for diabetes mellitus was 3.43 (95% CI 3.30-3.55), which was >1.25 (95% CI 1.13-1.37) for myocardial infarction, 1.16 (95% CI 1.07-1.25) for ischemic stroke and 1.06 (95% CI 0.88-1.27) for hemorrhagic stroke. Compared with normal FBG, HRs for risk of IFG for CMM were 2.73 (95% CI 2.48-3.02) in men and 3.86 (95% CI 2.92-5.09) in women.

conclusionIFG was a risk factor for CMM. The effect of IFG on diabetes mellitus was stronger than that on other cardiometabolic diseases. The effects of IFG for CMM differed by sex.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseFastingMultimorbidityAdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesChinaDiabetes MellitusFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlucose IntoleranceHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseCardiometabolic multimorbidityCardiovascular diseasesImpaired fasting glucose

Identifiers

PMID39445800
PMCPMC11693544

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.