Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39448829›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2025

The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults.

Dunya Tomic, Jessica L Harding, Alicia J Jenkins, Jonathan E Shaw, Dianna J Magliano

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
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  4. Review
  5. Observational
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  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. The bidirectional relationship between diabetes and poor muscle function in older adults: data from two population-based studies.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
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  17. Article
  18. Life stage transitions for people with type 1 diabetes.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dunya TomicSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Dee.Tomic@monash.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-2523
Jessica L HardingDepartment of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-8630
Alicia J JenkinsBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-3717
Jonathan E ShawSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6187-2203
Dianna J MaglianoSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-6096

Funding

Translational Research Core - Engagement and Behavior ChangeP30DK111024 · NIDDK · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Mohammed Kumail Ali · 2016 to 2026
$13.4M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK111024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is traditionally viewed as a youth-onset disorder, the number of older adults being diagnosed with this disease is growing. Improvements in the average life expectancy of people with T1DM have also contributed to the growing number of older people living with this disease. We summarize the evidence regarding the epidemiology (incidence, prevalence and excess mortality) of T1DM in older adults (ages ≥60 years) as well as the genetics, immunology and diagnostic challenges. Several studies report an incidence peak of T1DM in older adults of a similar size to or exceeding that in children, and population prevalence generally increases with increasing age. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity is frequently observed in adult-onset T1DM. Guidelines for differentiating T1DM from type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults recommend measuring levels of C-peptide and autoantibodies, including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. However, there is no gold standard for differentiating T1DM from type 2 diabetes mellitus in people aged 60 years and over. As such, the global variation observed in T1DM epidemiology might be in part explained by misclassification, which increases with increasing age of diabetes mellitus onset. With a growing global population of older adults with T1DM, improved genetic and immunological evidence is needed to differentiate diabetes mellitus type at older ages so that a clear epidemiological picture can emerge.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1AgedAged, 80 and overGlutamate DecarboxylaseHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedPrevalenceGlutamate Decarboxylase

Identifiers

PMID39448829
PMCPMC12240003

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.