ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Phytochemistry, Mechanisms, and Preclinical Studies of Echinacea Extracts in Modulating Immune Responses to Bacterial and Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Therapeutic Potential of Latin American Medicinal Plants in Oral Diseases: From Dental Pain to Periodontal Inflammation-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary Echinacea purpurea Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Alters Cytokine Gene Expression Among Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens at High Altitude.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity Optimization of aMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Organ-Resolved Salicylate-Phenylpropanoid Metabolite Profiling ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From Phytochemical Diversity to Clinical Translation: Preparation-Dependent Bioactivity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Phytochemicals as Natural Therapeutics Against Helicobacter pylori: A Comprehensive Review.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Subcritical Water Extraction Enables the Production of Cichoric and Caftaric Acid-StandardizedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial activity of echinacea-loaded metal-organic framework against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.AMB Express · 2026Article
- A Review of the Properties of Clinically Evaluated Plant-Derived Agents in the Treatment of Respiratory Infections.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Pharmacological Insights and Technological Innovations inPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: challenges and opportunities for next-generation antimicrobial development.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Pharmacophore- and QSAR-guided discovery of natural product inhibitors targeting dehydrosqualene synthase in Staphylococcus aureus.PloS one · 2026Article
- Identifying immunostimulatory herbal supplements that may flare autoimmune skin diseases: a systematic scoping review.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Keratin Mats withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Rutin Attenuates Virus Entry and Replication and Exerts Neuroprotection in Experimental Models of Japanese Encephalitis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Chemotaxonomy, an Efficient Tool for Medicinal Plant Identification: Current Trends and Limitations.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Benefits of Nano-Echinacea Extract on Reproductive Injury Induced by Polystyrene Plastic Materials in Rat Model via Regulating Gut-Brain Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A review of herbal therapeutics for the prevention and management of poxvirus infections.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEchinacea species, particularly
objectivesThis review explores the mechanisms by which echinacea herbal extracts modulate immune responses, focusing on their effects on both innate and adaptive immunity in bacterial and viral infections.
resultsKey bioactive compounds, such as alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, contribute to these effects. These compounds enhance immune cell activity, including macrophages and natural killer cells, stimulating cytokine production and phagocytosis. The antibacterial activity of echinacea against respiratory pathogens (
conclusionsChallenges associated with variability in phytochemical content and the need for standardized extraction processes are also addressed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of echinacea's therapeutic potential and outlines future directions for research, including clinical trials and dosage optimization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.