ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Unveiling the Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Emerging Perspectives.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Combined Effects of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Curcumin Supplementation on Thyroid Function and Lipid Profile in Patients With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Double Blind Randomised Clinical Trial.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Probiotics in Autoimmune Disease: Strain-specific Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and Thyroid Diseases.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2026Article
- The Broad Effect of Iodine in Graves' Hyperthyroidism and Its Relationship with the Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Integrative analysis of gut microbiota, plasma metabolome, and gene expression identifies causal mediators in Graves' disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Selenium Deficiency and Supplementation on Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Clinical Evaluation.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and its metabolites with thyroid diseases: functions and mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chinese herbal formulas for Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on the thyroid-gut axis: multitarget synergistic mechanisms and boundaries of evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Thyroid follicular cell-derived GDF15 attenuates inflammation and lipid dysregulation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis both promotes and protects against papillary thyroid cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The role of gut microbiota in autoimmune thyroid diseases: nutritional determinants and diet-based modulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The gut-thyroid axis: physiological regulation of barrier function, microbiota, endocrine signaling and the consequences on energy metabolism.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Thyroid-Microbiome Allostasis and Mitochondrial Performance: An Integrative Perspective in Exercise Physiology.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Trends and hotspots in research of virus and gastrointestinal mucosal immunity: a bibliometric analysis of four decades.Virology journal · 2025Article
- The Intestinal Microbiome in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Results of a Single-Center Pilot Study from Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Modulation of Intestinal Flora: a Novel Immunotherapeutic Approach for Enhancing Thyroid Cancer Treatment.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Microbiota dysbiosis impact on the metabolism of T3 and T4 hormones and its association with thyroid cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Increased Serum Lipopolysaccharide Levels are Related to a Higher Prevalent Risk of Subclinical Hypothyroidism.International journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Bridging Microbiomes: Exploring Oral and Gut Microbiomes in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases- New Insights and Therapeutic Frontiers.Gut microbes reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are among the most prevalent organ-specific autoimmune disorders, with thyroid hormones playing a pivotal role in the gastrointestinal system's structure and function. Emerging evidence suggests a link between AITDs and the gut microbiome, which is a diverse community of organisms that are essential for digestion, absorption, intestinal homeostasis, and immune defense. Recent studies using 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from AITD patients have revealed a significant correlation between a gut microbiota imbalance and the severity of AITDs. Progress in animal models of autoimmune diseases has shown that intervention in the gut microbiota can significantly alter the disease severity. The gut microbiota influences T cell subgroup differentiation and modulates the pathological immune response to AITDs through mechanisms involving short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and mucosal immunity. Conversely, thyroid hormones also influence gut function and microbiota composition. Thus, there is a bidirectional relationship between the thyroid and the gut ecosystem. This review explores the pathogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in AITDs, characterizes the gut microbiota in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and examines the interactions between the gut microbiota, thyroid hormones, T cell differentiation, and trace elements. The review aims to enhance understanding of the gut microbiota-thyroid axis and proposes novel approaches to mitigate AITD severity through gut microbiota modulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.