Evidence mapPaperPMID 39456734Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024

Microglia Signatures: A Cause or Consequence of Microglia-Related Brain Disorders?

Alessandra Mirarchi, Elisabetta Albi, Cataldo Arcuri

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Targeting the cGAS-STING pathway mitigates Huntington disease pathogenesis in a knock-in mouse model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  2. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  15. Profiling the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Treatment Effects and Associations with IgM Oligoclonal Bands.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alessandra MirarchiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
Elisabetta AlbiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5745-5343
Cataldo ArcuriDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3114-8812

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microglia signatures refer to distinct gene expression profiles or patterns of gene activity that are characteristic of microglia. Advances in gene expression profiling techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, have allowed us to study microglia at a more detailed level and identify unique gene expression patterns that are associated, but not always, with different functional states of these cells. Microglial signatures depend on the developmental stage, brain region, and specific pathological conditions. By studying these signatures, it has been possible to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of microglial activation and begin to develop targeted therapies to modulate microglia-mediated immune responses in the CNS. Historically, the first two signatures coincide with M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes. The first one includes upregulation of genes such as CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS, while the second one may involve genes like CD206, Arg1, Chil3, and TGF-β. However, it has long been known that many and more specific phenotypes exist between M1 and M2, likely with corresponding signatures. Here, we discuss specific microglial signatures and their association, if any, with neurodegenerative pathologies and other brain disorders.

Indexed as

Brain DiseasesMicrogliaAnimalsBrainGene Expression ProfilingHumansTranscriptomeagingAlzheimer’s diseaseAPOEmicroglia signaturesmultiple sclerosisneurodegenerationneuroinflammationTREM2

Identifiers

PMID39456734
PMCPMC11507570

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.