ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Microenvironment Drives Microglial Polarization and Promotes Angiogenesis and Fibrosis via Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E2 Signaling.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring Endotoxemia in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Endothelial cell-derived microRNAs-containing extracellular vesicles and diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of diabetes.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- CEP78 regulates the proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells by mediating microtubule stabilization via p150glued.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- EMMPRIN aggravates angiogenesis and blood-retina barrier injury by regulating matrix metalloproteinases in diabetic retinopathy.Diabetes & vascular disease researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment, particularly in the proliferative form (proliferative DR [PDR]). The impact of the PDR microenvironment on microglia, which are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, and the specific pathological changes it may induce remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of microglia in the progression of PDR under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. We performed a comprehensive gene expression analysis using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia under different stimuli (dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and DMOG + LPS) to mimic the hypoxic inflammatory environment characteristic of PDR. Principal component analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles, with 76 genes synergistically upregulated under combined stimulation. Notably, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (encoding cyclooxygenase (COX)-2) exhibited the most pronounced increase, leading to elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and driving pathological angiogenesis and inflammation via the COX-2/PGE2/PGE receptor 2 signaling axis. Additionally, the upregulation of the fibrogenic genes snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and collagen type I alpha 1 chain suggested a role for microglia in fibrosis. These findings underscore the critical involvement of microglia in PDR and suggest that targeting both the angiogenic and fibrotic pathways may present new therapeutic strategies for managing this condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.