Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39458361›Full record

ReviewMicroorganisms2024

Immunosenescence: How Aging Increases Susceptibility to Bacterial Infections and Virulence Factors.

Nikolaos Theodorakis, Georgios Feretzakis, Christos Hitas, Magdalini Kreouzi, Sofia Kalantzi, Aikaterini Spyridaki, Zoi Kollia, Vassilios S Verykios, Maria Nikolaou

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Microorganisms, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Subacute 28-Day OECD-Guided Oral Toxicity Study ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nikolaos TheodorakisDepartment of Cardiology, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Georgios FeretzakisSchool of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 18 Aristotelous Str., 26335 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3597-1187
Christos HitasDepartment of Cardiology, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Magdalini Kreouzi65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Sofia Kalantzi65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.ORCID 0009-0008-0267-8858
Aikaterini Spyridaki65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Zoi Kollia65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Vassilios S VerykiosSchool of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 18 Aristotelous Str., 26335 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-9758-0819
Maria NikolaouDepartment of Cardiology, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2481-5936

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The process of aging leads to a progressive decline in the immune system function, known as immunosenescence, which compromises both innate and adaptive responses. This includes impairments in phagocytosis and decreased production, activation, and function of T- and B-lymphocytes, among other effects. Bacteria exploit immunosenescence by using various virulence factors to evade the host's defenses, leading to severe and often life-threatening infections. This manuscript explores the complex relationship between immunosenescence and bacterial virulence, focusing on the underlying mechanisms that increase vulnerability to bacterial infections in the elderly. Additionally, it discusses how machine learning methods can provide accurate modeling of interactions between the weakened immune system and bacterial virulence mechanisms, guiding the development of personalized interventions. The development of vaccines, novel antibiotics, and antivirulence therapies for multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as the investigation of potential immune-boosting therapies, are promising strategies in this field. Future research should focus on how machine learning approaches can be integrated with immunological, microbiological, and clinical data to develop personalized interventions that improve outcomes for bacterial infections in the growing elderly population.

Indexed as

agingbacterial infectionselderlyimmune responseimmunosenescenceinflammagingmachine learningvirulence factors

Identifiers

PMID39458361
PMCPMC11510421

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.