ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Influence of Lactation Stage on Content of Neurotrophic Factors, Leptin, and Insulin in Human Milk.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effect of Photoperiod on the Profile of Prolactin, Leptin, Insulin and the Content of Bioactive Substances in Sheep Milk During the Rearing Period of Lambs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Maternal Determinants of Human Milk Leptin and Their Associations with Neonatal Growth Parameters.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Pilot Study of Growth Factors in Colostrum: How Delivery Mode and Maternal Health Impact IGF-1, EGF, NGF, and TGF-β Levels in Polish Women.Nutrients · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human milk comprehensively meets the nutritional needs of a child, providing not only structural and energy components but also various bioactive factors. Among these, neurotrophic factors and hormones involved in metabolic processes deserve special attention. Studies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays compared the content of neurotrophic factors-CNTF, NT-3, and NGF-and hormones, leptin and insulin, in two groups of breast milk samples: early lactation (1-3 months) and extended lactation (>6 months, up to 12 months). The results indicated changes in leptin and insulin levels as the lactation period extended. NGF, leptin, and insulin were present in milk samples from both study groups, with leptin and insulin levels being higher in the early lactation group. CNTF and NT-3 were not detected in any of the samples from either study group. The analyses confirmed that human milk from women who breastfeed for extended periods remains a source of biologically active components and macronutrients that support a child's development and health.
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