ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2024
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Pathophysiology, Drug Targeting Approaches, and Recent Developments in Nanotherapeutics.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Acupuncture in the treatment of inflammation-related ocular degenerations: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- AAV-based gene therapies for neovascular AMD.Gene therapy · 2026Review
- Cell therapy for age-related macular degeneration.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Review
- Microneedle technology in the treatment of ocular diseases: Advances and applications.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Formulation of α-Linolenic Acid-Based Microemulsions for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Physicochemical Tests and HET-CAM Assays for Anti-Angiogenic Activities.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Preventive and Protective Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Boosters in Aging and Retinal Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Regulated cell death in age-related macular degeneration: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) at the forefront of ocular diseases and therapeutics.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Multimodal imaging for early drusen detection: RM-SLO as a promising imaging approach.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A review on eye diseases induced by blue light: pathology, model, active ingredients and mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Advances in Imaging-Based Machine Learning and Therapeutic Technology in the Management of Retinal Diseases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most prevalent reason for vision impairment in aging inhabitants is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a posterior ocular disease with a poor understanding of the anatomic, genetic, and pathophysiological progression of the disease. Recently, new insights exploring the role of atrophic changes in the retinal pigment epithelium, extracellular drusen deposits, lysosomal lipofuscin, and various genes have been investigated in the progression of AMD. Hence, this review explores the incidence and risk factors for AMD, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, the complement system, and the involvement of bioactive lipids and their role in angiogenesis. In addition to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and other therapeutic interventions such as oral kinase inhibitors, photodynamic, gene, and antioxidant therapy, as well as their benefits and drawbacks as AMD treatment options, strategic drug delivery methods, including drug delivery routes with a focus on intravitreal pharmacokinetics, are investigated. Further, the recent advancements in nanoformulations such as polymeric and lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, etc., intended for ocular drug delivery with pros and cons are too summarized. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to give new researchers an understanding of AMD pathophysiology, with an emphasis on angiogenesis, inflammation, the function of bioactive lipids, and therapy options. Additionally, drug delivery options that focus on the development of drug delivery system(s) via several routes of delivery can aid in the advancement of therapeutic choices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.