Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39462250›Full record

ArticleEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2024

Trends and Disparities in Coronary Artery Disease and Obesity-Related Mortality in the United States From 1999-2022.

Mushood Ahmed, Hira Javaid, Aimen Shafiq, Zain Ali Nadeem, Areeba Ahsan, Abdullah Nofal, Raheel Ahmed, Mahboob Alam, Marat Fudim, Gregg C Fonarow and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Comparison of P2YArchives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mushood AhmedDepartment of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-9872-8224
Hira JavaidDepartment of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Aimen ShafiqDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Zain Ali NadeemDepartment of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0008-5968-4538
Areeba AhsanDepartment of Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Abdullah NofalDepartment of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0000-6919-2803
Raheel AhmedNational Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Mahboob AlamDivision of Cardiology, The Texas Heart Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Marat FudimDepartment of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Gregg C FonarowAhmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Mamas A MamasKeele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Stoke-On-Trent, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlmost half of the US adult population has obesity, which predisposes to atherosclerosis and can lead to poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aim to identify CAD and obesity-related mortality trends among adults in the United States stratified by age, sex, race and geographical location.

methodsThe CDC-WONDER database was used to extract death certificate data for adults aged ≥ 25 years. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and temporal trends were described by calculating annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) in the rates using Joinpoint regression analysis.

resultsFrom 1999 to 2022, a total of 273,761 CAD and obesity-related deaths were recorded in the United States. The AAMR increased consistently from 1999 to 2018 (APC: 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4-4.9) and surged thereafter till 2022 (APC: 11.4; 95% CI: 7.7-19.1). During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), AAMR almost doubled that of the rest of the study period. Additionally, the AAMR for males was nearly twice that of females. Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks or African Americans displayed the highest AAMR, followed by NH Whites, Hispanic or Latino, and other NH populations. AAMRs showed minimal variation by census regions. Rural areas exhibited a higher AAMR (AAMR: 5.9, 95% CI: 5.8-5.9) than urban areas (AAMR: 4.4, 95% CI: 4.4-4.5).

conclusionsWe observed increasing trends in CAD and obesity-related deaths throughout the study period reaching a peak during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

Coronary Artery DiseaseCOVID-19ObesityAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalityUnited StatesCDC WONDERcoronary artery diseasemortalityobesity

Identifiers

PMID39462250
PMCPMC11512744

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.