ArticlePsychiatry investigation2024
Inflammatory Cytokines and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Prodrome.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Parental obesity exacerbates cognitive dysfunction and cardiac vulnerability in offspring of an Alzheimer disease model.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Targeting the cardio-neuro axis through nutrition: inflammatory mechanisms linking cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Molecular Link Between Psoriasis and Depression-Update on Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cognitive impairments among elderly individuals.
methodsPeripheral concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in all subjects. To assess individual cognitive function, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NP) was used, and standardized scores (z-scores) were calculated for each test. Cytokine levels were compared between the diagnostic groups, and correlations between blood inflammatory factor levels and z-scores were analyzed.
resultsThe 37 participants included 8 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 15 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 14 cognitively healthy controls. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were higher in patients with AD than in healthy controls. TNF-α levels were higher in the AD group than in the MCI group. However, after adjusting for age, the associations between diagnosis and TNF-α and IL-6 were not significant. The higher the plasma IL-6 level, the lower the z-scores on the Boston Naming Test, Word List Learning, Word List Recognition, and Constructional Recall. The higher the serum TNF-α level, the lower the z-scores on the Word List Learning and Constructional Recall. Negative correlation between serum TNF-α level and the z-score on Word List Learning remained significant when age was adjusted.
conclusionThe difference in the blood levels of TNF-α and IL-6 between the diagnostic groups may be associated with aging. However, elevated TNF-α levels were associated with worse immediate memory performance, even after adjusting for age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.