Evidence mapPaperPMID 39465309Full record

ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2025

Dietary patterns among European children and their association with adiposity-related outcomes: a multi-country study.

Sarah Warkentin, Nikos Stratakis, Lorenzo Fabbri, John Wright, Tiffany C Yang, Maria Bryant, Barbara Heude, Remy Slama, Parisa Montazeri, Marina Vafeiadi and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sarah WarkentinISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain. sarah.warkentin@isglobal.org.ORCID 0000-0002-6678-5256
Nikos StratakisISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
Lorenzo FabbriISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3031-322X
John WrightBradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
Tiffany C YangBradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4549-7850
Maria BryantDepartment of Health Sciences and the Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK.
Barbara HeudeUniversité Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1565-1629
Remy SlamaUniversité Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.
Parisa MontazeriISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
Marina VafeiadiDepartment of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6143-7172
Regina GrazulevicieneDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Anne Lise BrantsæterDepartment of Food Safety and Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-6315-7134
Martine VrijheidISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7090-1758

Funding

British Heart Foundation CS/16/4/32482UK Medical Research Council MR/N024391/1Wellcome Infrastructure Grant WT101597MA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectiveChildren's diets in school-age are inherently unhealthy, with few meeting dietary recommendations. Yet, little is known about similarities and differences on dietary patterns across countries and their association with obesity. We aimed to derive dietary patterns in childhood and explore their association with adiposity-related outcomes in childhood and adolescence. SUBJCTS/

methodsThis study included data from six European countries (Spain, France, UK, Greece, Lithuania and Norway) during childhood (n = 1597) and adolescence (n = 803). Using a food frequency questionnaire, we derived data-driven dietary patterns through exploratory factor analyses and calculated the Mediterranean KIDMED index. We assessed body mass index z-score (zBMI), fat mass proportion and waist-to-height ratio at both visits. Associations were estimated using generalized linear regressions, adjusted for key-confounders.

results"Meat", "Dairy", "Western", "Healthy" and "Sweets and fats" dietary patterns were derived. Norwegian children showed better diet quality, with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and highest "Healthy pattern" adherence, and Lithuanian children, the worst, with higher sweets consumption, and highest "Western pattern" adherence. Children with lower intake of healthy foods (vegetables, fruits, fish) tended to have higher adiposity, e.g., children with average or low "Healthy pattern" adherence (vs. high) had higher fat mass proportion in childhood (average: β (95% CI) 1.44 (0.48; 2.39), low: 1.10 (0.09; 2.12)). Low adherence to a "Healthy pattern" (vs. high) was associated with increased adolescent zBMI, and child and adolescent waist-to-height ratio. Low "Dairy pattern" adherence (vs. high), was associated with lower zBMI and fat mass in childhood, but not in adolescence. No significant associations were seen with the KIDMED index.

conclusionsMany European children have poor diets and a low adherence to a healthy diet pattern may be of concern for adiposity-related outcomes. Assessment of children's dietary patterns can help tailor dietary advice and provide support for families aiming to prevent future excess weight gain.

Indexed as

AdiposityDietFeeding BehaviorPediatric ObesityAdolescentBody Mass IndexChildEuropeFemaleHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID39465309
PMCPMC11805707

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.