SynthesisArtificial organs2025
Stimulation of the withdrawal reflex in gait training after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Artificial organs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Stimulation of the withdrawal reflex in gait training after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Artificial organs · 2025Pooled it
- The Orthotic Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Reactive Stepping for People With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.Artificial organs · 2025Article
- Activation of the flexor reflex for gait training in chronic stroke patients.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter a stroke many people experience hemiparesis, resulting in walking difficulties which affects independence, mobility, and participation in activities of daily living. Activating the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) during gait training aims to support the initiation and facilitation of the swing phase of the paretic leg. The aim of this review is to investigate the orthotic and therapeutic effects of a NWR stimulation intervention to improve gait in patients after a stroke.
methodsWe searched the databases CENTRAL, DORIS, MEDLINE, and PEDro, trial registers and reference lists. We selected randomized controlled trials using any type of stimulation of the NWR in people after stroke, comparing it to any control intervention, and reporting a change in gait performance assessed by means of any appropriate measurement method.
resultsWe included three studies in this review, all of which used electrical stimulation to elicit the NWR during walking. The orthotic effect was investigated in one study, and the therapeutic effect in two studies, comparing walking with and without electrical stimulation-triggered NWR. The meta-analysis revealed a borderline statistical significance result for the therapeutic effect. The pooled mean difference between the treatment and control group (random-effects model) for walking speed was 0.13 m/s (95% CI -0.04 to 0.29; I
conclusionActivating the NWR during gait training has not been investigated frequently so far. By using electrical stimulation-elicited NWR, severely affected hemiparetic patients may improve their walking speed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.