SynthesisPloS one2024
Spinal cord injury and risk of overall and type specific cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cardiometabolic disease and mental health within the spinal cord injury population: a systematic review.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Pooled it
- Danshen (Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Dysregulation of CD36 and CPT1A is associated with fatty acid metabolic disorder and cardiomyocyte injury after high-cervical spinal cord injury.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Risk of heart failure after spinal cord injury: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Elevated cardiac modulation of vagus nerve activity as a consequence of ischaemic cardiomyopathy.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Validating the ADFSCI hypotension symptom domain as a scalable patient reported outcome measure in spinal cord injury.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Autonomic dysreflexia: the concealed killer behind recurrent cerebral hemorrhage in spinal cord injury-a case report with management insights.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a growing concern among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). This meta-analysis aims to explore the risk of overall CVD and specific types of cardiovascular events among SCI patients.
methodsThis meta-analysis is registered on PROSPERO (CRD CRD42024537888). The data sources comprised PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists of the included studies. The literature collection span is from database establishment until April 17, 2024. This meta-analysis encompassed observational studies investigating the association between SCI and the risk of overall types of CVD or specific CVD types. Risk of bias was evaluated utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated using a random-effects model.
resultsOur initial search generated 5357 relevant records form these international databases. This meta-analysis encompassed 9 observational studies involving 2,282,691 individuals, comprising 193,045 patients with SCI and 2,209,646 controls. We observed a 1.56-fold [OR = 1.56, 95% CI (1.43, 1.70), I2 = 91.3%, P < 0.001] rise in the risk of overall types of CVD among SCI patients, with a 1.82-fold increase in males and a 1.76-fold increase in females. SCI patients without comorbidities exhibited a 2.10-fold elevated risk of overall CVD types, while those with comorbidities had a 1.48-fold increased risk. Concerning specific CVD types, SCI patients showed a 1.58-fold [OR = 1.57, 95% CI (1.22, 2.03), I2 = 92.4%] higher risk of myocardial infarction, a 1.52-fold [OR = 1.52, 95% CI (1.07, 2.16), I2 = 88.7%] increase in atrial fibrillation, a 1.64-fold [OR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.22, 2.20), I2 = 95.5%] elevation in heart failure risk, and 2.38-fold [OR = 2.38, 95% CI (1.29, 4.40), I2 = 92.5%] increments in stroke risk. But there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of hypertension [OR = 1.54, 95% CI (0.98, 2.42), I2 = 96.6%].
conclusionsThe risk of overall CVD in SCI patients surpassed that of the non-SCI control group, with elevated risks of specific cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Clinicians should prioritize awareness of CVD risks in SCI patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.