Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39474586›Full record

ArticleNewborn (Clarksville, Md.)

Milk Fat Globules: 2024 Updates.

Akhil Maheshwari, Harshvardhan Mantry, Nitasha Bagga, Adrianna Frydrysiak-Brzozowska, Jargalsaikhan Badarch, Md Mozibur Rahman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Newborn (Clarksville, Md.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Akhil MaheshwariDepartment of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-3613-4054
Harshvardhan MantryDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America.
Nitasha BaggaGlobal Newborn Society, Clarksville Maryland, United States of America.
Adrianna Frydrysiak-BrzozowskaGlobal Newborn Society, Clarksville Maryland, United States of America.
Jargalsaikhan BadarchGlobal Newborn Society, Clarksville Maryland, United States of America.
Md Mozibur RahmanGlobal Newborn Society, Clarksville Maryland, United States of America.

Funding

Effect of Platelet Transfusions on Neonatal Intestinal InjuryR01HL133022 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISHNAN, MOHAN KUMAR · 2017 to 2020
$1.6M
Red Cell Transfusion-associated Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature InfantsR01HL124078 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISHNAN, MOHAN KUMAR · 2015 to 2018
$1.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL124078NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL133022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Milk fat globules (MFGs) are a remarkable example of nature's ingenuity. Human milk (HM) carries contains 3-5% fat, 0.8-0.9% protein, 6.9-7.2% carbohydrate calculated as lactose, and 0.2% mineral constituents. Most of these nutrients are carried in these MFGs, which are composed of an energy-rich triacylglycerol (TAG) core surrounded by a triple membrane structure. The membrane contains polar lipids, specialized proteins, glycoproteins, and cholesterol. Each of these bioactive components serves important nutritional, immunological, neurological, and digestive functions. These MFGs are designed to release energy rapidly in the upper gastrointestinal tract and then persist for some time in the gut lumen so that the protective bioactive molecules are conveyed to the colon. These properties may shape the microbial colonization and innate immune properties of the developing gastrointestinal tract. Milk fat globules in milk from humans and ruminants may resemble in structure but there are considerable differences in size, profile, composition, and specific constituents. There are possibilities to not only enhance the nutritional composition in a goal-oriented fashion to correct specific deficiencies in the infant but also to use these fat globules as a nutraceutical in infants who require specific treatments. To mention a few, there might be possibilities in enhancing neurodevelopment, in defense against gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections, improving insulin sensitivity, treating chronic inflammation, and altering plasma lipids. This review provides an overview of the composition, structure, and biological activities of the various components of the MFGs. We have assimilated research findings from our own laboratory with an extensive review of the literature utilizing key terms in multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct. To avoid bias in the identification of studies, keywords were short-listed a priori from anecdotal experience and PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus.

Indexed as

1,4-β-N-acetylmuraminidaseAbsorbable sphingosineAcetyl-CoA carboxylase 1Acyl-CoA synthetaseAcyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5AdipophilinAdipose differentiation-related proteinsADPFAlpha-1-antitrypsinAnnexinApocrine-like glandsApolipoprotein A1Apolipoprotein A-IVApolipoprotein C-IIIApolipoprotein EApolipoproteinsArachidonic acidArginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)BacteroidetesBayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development IIBifidobacteriumBile salt-stimulated lipaseBone marrow stromal antigen 2C16-ceramideC18:0C24-ceramideCasein micellesCathelicidinsC-C motif chemokine ligand 2CD9 antigenCeramidaseCeramideCeramide-1-phosphateCerebrosidesChlorella vulgarisCholesterolCholineChordin-like protein 2ClusterinComplement C3Conjugated linoleic acidCoriobacteriaceaeDe Brouckère mean diameterDermcidinDesulfovibrionaceaeDiacylglycerol acyltransferase 1Disialylated gangliosidesDocosahexaenoic acidElongaseEndoplasmic reticulum EnterobacteriaceaeEnterococcaceaeErysipelotrichaceaeExosomesFA-binding proteinFactor V/VIII domain containingFagan test of infant intelligenceFatty acid-binding proteinFatty acid desaturaseFatty acid synthaseFirmicutesFolate receptor alphaFood matrixFree-play sustained attention test of ColomboGamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1GangliosidesGD3GelsolinGlutathione peroxidase 3Glycam1Glycan adhesion factorsGlycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4GlycobiomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaGlycogen synthase kinase-3 βGlycoproteinsGlycosphingolipidsGlycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1GM3 Heat shock protein beta-1Hormone-sensitive lipaseHuman leukocyte antigen IIIgA α-chainInsulin-like growth factor binding protein 2Isobutyric acidIsovaleric acidKyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and GenomesLactadherinLactating mammary gland packagesLactobacillusLactobacillus rhamnosus GGLactoferrinLactophorinLactosomeLanosterol synthaseLarge-size MFGLinoleicLipid-ordered microdomainsLipid raftsLipoprotein lipaseLong-chain FA-CoA ligaseLysophosphatidic acid acyltransferaseLysozymeLysozyme CMARCKS-related proteinapolipoprotein DMastitisMatrilin-3MFGE8 MicrofiltrationMFG epidermal growth factor 8Milk fat globule EGFMilk fat globulesMonocyte differentiation CD14Mucin 4MucinsMycoplasma agalactiaeNAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-likeNannochloropsis gaditanaNeutral glycosphingolipidsNonspecific lipid transfer proteinNumber-weighted meanO-lined glycanPasteurizationPer-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain 6/7PerilipinPerilipin 2Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3Peroxisomal bifunctional enzymePeroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2PhosphatidylcholinePhosphatidylethanolaminePhosphatidylinositolPhosphatidylserinePhospholipidsPlasmalogensPL/TAGPolar lipidsPorphyromonadaceaeProactivator polypeptideProteobacteriaProteose peptone component 3RikenellaceaeSalmonella enteritidesSauter mean diameterSmall MFGsSoluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion attachment protein receptorSphingoidsSphingolipidSphingolipidsSphingomyelinSphingomyelin phosphodiesteraseSphingophospholipidsSphingosineSphingosine-1-phosphateSpirulina platensisStaphylococcus aureusTail-interacting protein-47TenascinToll-like receptor 2TriacylglycerolTriacylglycerol coreTriassic periodUbiquitinVisual evoked potential latenciesV/VIII like domainsXanthine oxidoreductaseα-amylaseα-linolenic acidαvβ3 integrin receptorsαvβ5 integrin receptorsβ-caseinζ-potentialω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsω-3 PUFAω-6 PUFA

Identifiers

PMID39474586
PMCPMC11521418

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.