Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39474930›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science2025

Associations of psychotic symptom dimensions with clinical and developmental variables in twin and general clinical samples.

Alastair G Cardno, Judith Allardyce, Steven C Bakker, Timothea Toulopoulou, Eugenia Kravariti, Marco M Picchioni, Fergus Kane, Frühling V Rijsdijk, Tariq Mahmood, Soumaya Nasser El Din and 8 more

Abstract readTwin Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Alastair G CardnoDivision of Psychological and Social Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-5965
Judith AllardyceCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-552X
Steven C BakkerDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Timothea ToulopoulouDepartment of Psychology and National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-8314
Eugenia KravaritiDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-0324
Marco M PicchioniDepartment of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-147X
Fergus KaneDepartment of Clinical Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-9067
Frühling V RijsdijkPsychology Department, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-2803
Tariq MahmoodBecklin Centre, Leeds & York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-9996
Soumaya Nasser El DinBecklin Centre, Leeds & York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK.
Deline du ToitCygnet Healthcare, Bradford, UK.
Lisa A JonesThree Counties Medical School, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-8334
Diego QuattroneSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-8309
James T R WaltersCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-4053
Sophie E LeggeCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-0289
Peter A HolmansCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-9412
Robin M MurrayDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0519
Evangelos VassosSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-0438

Funding

A TWIN STUDY OF NOSOLOGY AND AETIOLOGY IN SCHIZOPHRENIAR01MH044359 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF PSYCHIATRY · PI REVELEY, ADRIANNE M · 1989 to 1993
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Economic and Social Research Council PTA-037-27-0002Medical Research Council Clinical Training Fellowship to A.G.C.Medical Research Council Project Grant (MR/J004391/1)National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Young Investigator Award to T.T.NIMH NIH HHS MH44359NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH044359Psychiatry Research Trust n/aStanley Medical Research Institute n/aWellcome TrustWellcome Trust 064971Wellcome Trust Personal Fellowship to J.A. (209176/Z/17/Z)Wellcome Trust Value in People Award to A.G.C. (473588)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPositive, negative and disorganised psychotic symptom dimensions are associated with clinical and developmental variables, but differing definitions complicate interpretation. Additionally, some variables have had little investigation.

aimsTo investigate associations of psychotic symptom dimensions with clinical and developmental variables, and familial aggregation of symptom dimensions, in multiple samples employing the same definitions.

methodWe investigated associations between lifetime symptom dimensions and clinical and developmental variables in two twin and two general psychosis samples. Dimension symptom scores and most other variables were from the Operational Criteria Checklist. We used logistic regression in generalised linear mixed models for combined sample analysis (

resultsHigher symptom scores on all three dimensions were associated with poor premorbid social adjustment, never marrying/cohabiting and earlier age at onset, and with a chronic course, most strongly for the negative dimension. The positive dimension was also associated with Black and minority ethnicity and lifetime cannabis use; the negative dimension with male gender; and the disorganised dimension with gradual onset, lower premorbid IQ and substantial within twin-pair correlation. In secondary analysis, disorganised symptoms in MZ twin probands were associated with lower premorbid IQ in their co-twins.

conclusionsThese results confirm associations that dimensions share in common and strengthen the evidence for distinct associations of co-occurring positive symptoms with ethnic minority status, negative symptoms with male gender and disorganised symptoms with substantial familial influences, which may overlap with influences on premorbid IQ.

Indexed as

Diseases in TwinsPsychotic DisordersAdolescentAdultAge of OnsetFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesSocial AdjustmentTwins, MonozygoticYoung AdultfamilialintelligencePsychosissymptomstwins

Identifiers

PMID39474930
PMCPMC11781858

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.