Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2024
Impact of thyroid hormones on predicting the occurrence of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome in patients with sepsis.
Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Thyroid dysfunction risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of case-control studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Early total triiodothyronine, illness severity, and in-hospital mortality in critically ill adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Nomogram for Early Prediction of Inflammation, Catabolism, and Immunosuppression Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Glycemic Variability as a Predictor of Mortality in Sepsis Patients With Concurrent Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Free Thyroxine as a Predictor of Mortality in Critically Ill Septic Patients-A Retrospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Long-term prognostic value of thyroid hormone levels in chronic critical illness patients.Annals of medicine · 2025Observational
- Endocrine and metabolic alterations in response to systemic inflammation and sepsis: a review article.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) has an upward trend in sepsis patients and can be associated with poor outcomes. Thyroid hormones are expected to be correlated with inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thyroid hormones on the occurrence of PICS and then further explore the optimal level of them in sepsis. Methods: This retrospective observational study used the online database Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to determine correlations between thyroid hormone levels and PICS. A combination of independent PICS development factors was established with accuracy assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results: Patients were divided into PICS (n=205) and non-PICS (n=671) groups. The third quartiles of triiodothyronine (T3) (60-80ng/dl) and thyroxine (T4) (5.5-6.8ug/dl) had the lowest PICS incidence and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.33 (T3, p=0.009) and 0.39 (T4, p=0.006), respectively, compared with the first quartiles of T3 and T4. For patients with a pre-existing T3 deficiency, severe deficiency (T3 <60ng/dl) and a high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were significantly related to PICS incidence. The AUC for these combined parameters in predicting PICS occurrence was 0.748 (all patients) and 0.861 (patients without thyroid disease). Conclusions: A mild T3 deficiency (60-80ng/dl) was significantly associated with the lowest risk-adjusted PICS occurrence in patients with sepsis. A severe T3 deficiency (<60ng/dl) and a high SOFA score were independent risk factors for PICS occurrence.
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