ArticleeLife2024
Large-scale characterization of cocaine addiction-like behaviors reveals that escalation of intake, aversion-resistant responding, and breaking-points are highly correlated measures of the same construct.
Article in eLife, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intermittent and extended cocaine access attenuate cocaine-vs-food choice in male and female rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Incentive salience, not psychomotor sensitization or tolerance, drives escalation of cocaine self-administration in heterogeneous stock rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Distinct ensembles in the prelimbic cortex track different measures of motivation for cocaine and water reinforcers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Annotation of Promoter-Enhancer Interactions via Chromatin Loops in the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ivermectin reduces withdrawal-induced alcohol intake in rats: Association with CeA GABAergic enhancement and P2rx4 genetic liability.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Large-scale behavioral characterization of oxycodone self-administration in heterogeneous stock rats reveals initial analgesic effects are associated with addiction-like behaviors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- High incidence of estrous cycle irregularities in heterogeneous stock (HS) rats is associated with footshock-resistant cocaine intake.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Synaptogyrin-3 plays a critical role in addiction-related dopamine dysfunction and behavioral maladaptations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Dopamine signatures of excessive and compulsive cocaine and fentanyl use.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Incentive Salience, not Psychomotor Sensitization or Tolerance, Drives Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration in Heterogeneous Stock Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Automated pipeline for operant behavior phenotyping for high-throughput data management, processing, and visualization.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2025Article
- Ivermectin Reduces Withdrawal-Induced Alcohol Intake via CeA GABAergic Enhancement.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Corticotrophin-releasing hormone binding protein in the basolateral amygdala: divergent roles in cocaine and opioid addiction like behaviors.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- A Preclinical Alcohol Biobank: Samples from Behaviorally Characterized HS Rats for AUD Research.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Escalated Oxycodone Self-Administration Is Associated with Activation of Specific Gene Networks in the Rat Dorsal Striatum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Escalated oxycodone self-administration is associated with expression of voltage gated and calcium activated potassium channels in the mesocorticolimbic system in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant reduces escalated cocaine self-administration in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- High quality, high throughput, and low-cost simultaneous video recording of 60 animals in operant chambers using PiRATeMC.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Addiction is commonly characterized by escalation of drug intake, compulsive drug seeking, and continued use despite harmful consequences. However, the factors contributing to the transition from moderate drug use to these problematic patterns remain unclear, particularly regarding the role of sex. Many preclinical studies have been limited by small sample sizes, low genetic diversity, and restricted drug access, making it challenging to model significant levels of intoxication or dependence and translate findings to humans. To address these limitations, we characterized addiction-like behaviors in a large sample of >500 outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats using an extended cocaine self-administration paradigm (6 hr/daily). We analyzed individual differences in escalation of intake, progressive ratio (PR) responding, continued use despite adverse consequences (contingent foot shocks), and irritability-like behavior during withdrawal. Principal component analysis showed that escalation of intake, progressive ratio responding, and continued use despite adverse consequences loaded onto a single factor that was distinct from irritability-like behaviors. Categorizing rats into resilient, mild, moderate, and severe addiction-like phenotypes showed that females exhibited higher addiction-like behaviors, with a lower proportion of resilient individuals compared to males. These findings suggest that, in genetically diverse rats with extended drug access, escalation of intake, continued use despite adverse consequences, and PR responding are highly correlated measures of a shared underlying construct. Furthermore, our results highlight sex differences in resilience to addiction-like behaviors.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.