Evidence mapPaperPMID 39487283Full record

ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2025

Treatment Patterns and Glycaemic Control Between 2015 and 2019 in Tianjin, China: A Real-World Study of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Qiumei Zhang, Yaqing Fan, Xixi Liu, Minlu Zhang, Jiewen Zhang, Qin Du, Lei Kang, Liming Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Real-World Cohort Study of Semaglutide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Using an Electronic Health Records Database in Tianjin, China.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Qiumei ZhangNHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 6 Huan Chen North Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
Yaqing FanNHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 6 Huan Chen North Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
Xixi LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 6 Huan Chen North Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
Minlu ZhangSanofi Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Jiewen ZhangSanofi Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Qin DuSanofi Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Lei KangSanofi Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Liming ChenNHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 6 Huan Chen North Road, Tianjin, 300134, China. chenliming@tmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-2340

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiabetes is associated with a high economic burden in China; therefore, strategies to prevent diabetes, improve glycaemic control, delay disease-related complications and maintain quality of life are essential. This study was conducted to evaluate trends in treatment patterns and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in real-world clinical practice in Tianjin, China.

methodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional, multicentre study analysed data from adults with T2D living in Tianjin, China between 2015 and 2019, based on information obtained from a regional electronic medical record database. Temporal trends in treatment patterns and glycaemic control were assessed using linear regression (continuous variables), and Cochran-Armitage (two categories) or Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (≥ 3 categories) tests.

resultsBetween 2015 and 2019, data from 312,203 individuals treated at 75 hospitals were included. Over this period, there was an upward trend in the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, cardiovascular disease, stroke and retinopathy each year (all P < 0.001). The use of metformin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors increased, while thiazolidinedione, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and glinide use decreased; the use of basal insulin (BI), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), GLP-1 RAs + BI, bolus insulin and BI + bolus insulin increased, whereas the use of premixed insulin showed a downward trend (all P < 0.001). From 2015 to 2019, an increased proportion of individuals achieved glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) < 7% (< 53 mmol/mol; 28.1-33.7%), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 7 mmol/l (21.7-26.9%) and postprandial glucose (PPG) < 10 mmol/l (22.0-48.2%; all P < 0.001). There was no change in the proportion of individuals with an FPG ≥ 7 mmol/l and a PPG ≥ 10 mmol/l, while the prevalence of residual hyperglycaemia increased (P < 0.001).

conclusionsGlycaemic control improved between 2015 and 2019 in people with T2D in Tianjin, China; however, there is an unmet need for more effective glycaemic control.

Indexed as

ChinaGlycaemic controlReal-world clinical practiceTemporal trendsTreatment patternsType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39487283
PMCPMC11759750

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.