ArticleJournal of affective disorders2025
Depression in the time of COVID-19: Examination of prenatal and postpartum depression, rurality, and the impact of COVID-19.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pathways to better sleep: Depression, anxiety, and stress as mediators in the relationship between social support and insomnia severity in Appalachian adults.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national trends and burden of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms in rural versus urban populations.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among 24,227 cisgender women who gave birth from 2010 to 2021 at an academic medical center located in a rural midwestern state. Exclusion criteria were <18 years old, incarcerated, or without a documented zip code. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered during pregnancy and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during postpartum. A sub-cohort also completed a COVID-related questionnaire. Rurality was defined as living in a county with <50,000 people. The COVID-19 era was defined as 1/1/2020 to 9/25/2021. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used as appropriate. Significance was set at α < 0.05.
resultsRural participants were more likely (p ≤ 0.001) to exhibit clinical depression symptoms before the pandemic in both the prenatal (8.63 % of rural participants vs. 6.49 % of urban participants) and postpartum periods (11.19 % rural vs. 9.28 % urban). During the pandemic, urban participants had increased postpartum depression. Rural participants endorsed more financial and labor concerns, whereas urban participants expressed support system concerns. LIMITATIONS: Study data were gathered from participants who gave birth at a single, midwestern hospital. Results may not be widely generalizable given the homogeneity of participants.
conclusionsRural women experienced higher rates of prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms compared to their urban counterparts. The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant stressor, revealing specific mental health vulnerabilities among birthing people.
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