SynthesisThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice2025
Effects of Sex and Gender in Immediate β-Lactam Antibiotic Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundβ-Lactams are the most common antibiotic class reported to cause allergic drug reactions. Previous literature suggests an increased prevalence of penicillin drug allergy in female patients in both inpatient and outpatient settings. However, the effects of sex and gender have not been well characterized regarding the entire class of β-lactam antibiotics.
objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify sex- and gender-based differences in the prevalence of immediate β-lactam allergy.
methodsWe performed an electronic search of Ovid MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library between 2013 and 2023. Patients with a documented β-lactam allergy who underwent allergy testing with skin testing, oral drug challenge, or serum-specific IgE were included. We quantitatively assessed sex- and gender-based differences in β-lactam allergy with meta-analysis.
resultsWe included 69 primary studies assessing 53,989 participants from outpatient and inpatient cohorts. A total of 7,558 patients had a confirmed β-lactam allergy. There was no difference in the prevalence of positive β-lactam allergy test between males and females. Subgroup analysis of studies that performed oral challenges showed a higher risk of β-lactam allergy in females compared with males (relative risk = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.66; P < .001; I
conclusionsOur findings suggest both sex-based and gender-based differences in the prevalence of immediate β-lactam allergy. Biological factors such as sex hormones and gender-based behaviors including increased health care use may contribute to higher rates of β-lactam allergy diagnosis in females.
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