Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39511751›Full record

ReviewAndrology2025

The aporetic dialogues of Modena on gender differences: Is it all about testosterone? EPISODE I: CRIME.

Giulia Brigante, Giulia D'Angelo, Vanessa Caccin, Silvia Coluccia, Immacolata Conte, Veronica Maria Demichelis, Rossana Cecchi, Manuela Simoni

Abstract readHistorical ArticleReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Andrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Giulia BriganteDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8426-4502
Giulia D'AngeloDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Vanessa CaccinDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Silvia ColucciaDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Immacolata ConteDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Veronica Maria DemichelisDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Rossana CecchiDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Manuela SimoniDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2133-4304

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This is the first episode of a series of four discussions on the differences between males and females, in apparently non-andrological fields. You will read the transcript of discussions that actually took place at the Endocrinology Unit in Modena, Italy, in the form of the aporetic dialogues of ancient Greece. In this episode, the role of testosterone in gender differences in criminal behavior will be explored. The discussants were divided into two groups: group 1, which supports the thesis of a predominant role of testosterone, and group 2, which opposes it. The first group affirmed that both endogenous testosterone and anabolic-androgenic steroids could trigger aggressive and criminal behavior, regardless of predisposition to psychiatric disease or sociocultural background. The second group asserted the multifactorial genesis of aggressive and criminal behavior, citing other hormonal and non-hormonal factors, such as neurotransmitters, cortisol, and sociological and psychological aspects. In the end, a forensic physician, acting as a referee, tried to resolve the aporia: are the two theories equivalent or one is superior?

Indexed as

CrimeCriminal BehaviorSex CharacteristicsTestosteroneAggressionFemaleHistory, AncientHumansItalyMaleTestosteroneaggressive behaviorcrimegendertestosterone

Identifiers

PMID39511751
PMCPMC12476215

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.