Lipid metabolic profiling and diagnostic model development for hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.

Introduction: Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) is a form of pancreatitis induced by hyperlipidemia, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to its complex lipid metabolism disturbances. Methods: This study compared the serum lipid profiles of HLAP patients with those of a healthy cohort using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to identify distinct lipid metabolites. Logistic regression and LASSO regression were used to develop a diagnostic model based on the lipid molecules identified. Results: A total of 393 distinct lipid metabolites were detected, impacting critical pathways such as fatty acid, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Five specific lipid molecules were selected to construct a diagnostic model, which achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 1 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, indicating outstanding diagnostic accuracy. Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of lipid metabolism disturbances in HLAP. The identified lipid molecules could serve as valuable biomarkers for HLAP diagnosis, offering potential for more accurate and early detection.