ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2024
Reimagining the meninges from a neuroimmune perspective: a boundary, but not peripheral.
Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- From glia limitans to glial scars: in vitro co-culture studies of the astrocyte and meningeal interaction.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Pooled it
- A Skull Bone Marrow-to-Brain Axis Links Osteoblastic Activity to Myeloid Cell Trafficking, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Cognition in Alzheimer's Progression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Beyond immune privilege: the brain as a dynamic immunological interface.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- The Aging Meninges: Anatomical and Immunological Remodeling as Emerging Diagnostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Senescence-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From origins to nomenclature: illuminating the landscape of CNS fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Review
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Barrier-Immune Gating Failure in Gut-Brain Neuroinflammation: A Working Hypothesis and Conceptual Framework.Behavioural neurology · 2026Review
- Nano-flow intracalvariosseous infusion enables skull-to-brain delivery of BBB-impermeable molecular and nanoscale agents in mice and rabbits.Theranostics · 2026Article
- A Lipid Road to Neuroimmunology: Fatty Acids Linking Immune and Nervous Systems.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Neurosurgery as an immune anchor point: a translational framework for perioperative immunoengineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Expression of Connexins 37/40 and Pannexin 1 in Early Human andBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Pathogenic Crosstalk Between the Peripheral and Central Nervous System in Rheumatic Diseases: Emerging Evidence and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Editorial: Community series in trends in neuroimmunology: cross-talk between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells in both health and disease, volume II.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Neuroimmunology: Unraveling Immune Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations in CNS Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The immune landscape of cerebrospinal fluid across brain malignancies.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent advances in neuroscience have transformed our understanding of the meninges, the layers surrounding the central nervous system (CNS). Two key findings have advanced our understanding: researchers identified cranial bone marrow as a reservoir for meningeal immune cells, and rediscovered a brain lymphatic system. Once viewed merely as a protective barrier, the meninges are now recognized as a dynamic interface crucial for neuroimmune interactions. This shift in perspective highlights their unique role in maintaining CNS balance, shaping brain development, and regulating responses to injury and disease. This review synthesizes the latest insights into meningeal anatomy and function, with a focus on newly identified structures such as dural-associated lymphoid tissues (DALT) and arachnoid cuff exit (ACE) points. We also examine the diverse immune cell populations within the meninges and their interactions with the CNS, underscoring the emerging view of the meninges as active participants in brain immunity. Finally, we outline critical unanswered questions about meningeal immunity, proposing directions for future research. By addressing these knowledge gaps, we aim to deepen our understanding of the meninges' role in brain health and disease, potentially paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.