Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39555073›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2024

Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dandan Song, Shufu Hou, Ning Ma, Bing Yan, Jing Gao

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. The mechanism of Akkermansia muciniphila inhibiting the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via ferroptosis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dandan Song *Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Shufu Hou *Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Ning Ma *Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Bing YanDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Jing GaoShandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors for advanced colorectal cancer. Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. Outcomes including median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (mOS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and ≥grade 3 TRAEs were extracted for further analysis. The risk of bias was assessed by subgroup analysis. Results: 12 articles with 566 patients were identified and subjected to meta-analysis. With regard to survival analysis, the pooled mOS and mPFS were 6.66 months (95%CI 4.85-9.16) and 2.92 months (95%CI 2.23-3.83), respectively. In terms of tumor response, the pooled ORR and DCR were 21% (95%CI 6%-41%) and 49% (95%CI 27%-71%), respectively. The pooled AEs rate and ≥ grade 3 AEs rate were 94% (95%CI 86%-99%) and 44% (95%CI 30%-58%). Conclusion: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors have shown promising clinical responses in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the incidence of adverse reactions is high, they are generally tolerable. Systematic review registration: https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202480030.

Indexed as

B7-H1 AntigenColorectal NeoplasmsCTLA-4 AntigenImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorHumansTreatment OutcomeB7-H1 AntigenCD274 protein, humanCTLA-4 AntigenCTLA4 protein, humanImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptorcolorectal cancerCTLA-4immune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapyPD-1PD-L1

Identifiers

PMID39555073
PMCPMC11563947

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.