Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39558372›Full record

SynthesisBMC medicine2024

Offline to online: a systematic mapping review of evidence to inform nutrition-related policies applicable to online food delivery platforms.

Si Si Jia, Allyson R Todd, Lana Vanderlee, Penny Farrell, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, Gary Sacks, Alice A Gibson, Stephanie R Partridge

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Combo Deals, Junk Meals: A Systematic Review Examining the Healthiness of Foods Promoted on Meal Delivery Apps.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Profiling users and non-users of meal delivery services in Belgium using latent class analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Si Si JiaSydney School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. sisi.jia@sydney.edu.au.
Allyson R ToddSydney School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Lana VanderleeSchool of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
Penny FarrellCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Margaret Allman-FarinelliCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Gary SacksGlobal Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
Alice A Gibson *Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Stephanie R Partridge *Sydney School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOnline food delivery (OFD) platforms offer easy access to an abundance of energy-dense and nutrient-poor takeaway foods and may exacerbate existing unhealthy food environments. Efforts to improve population diets include a range of policy recommendations focused on improving the healthiness of food environments; however, the way in which such policies may apply to OFD platforms is not clear. This paper aimed to synthesise the existing evidence to inform nutrition-related policies applicable to OFD platforms for population health and well-being. A secondary aim was to scan existing nutrition-related policies in Australia and internationally, which have the potential to be applicable to OFD platforms.

methodsSeven electronic databases including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Business Source Ultimate, Scopus, Web of Science, and Proquest were searched from January 2010 to October 2023. Evidence from studies was mapped to five existing policy domains outlined by the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) including (i) food labelling; (ii) food promotion; (iii) food composition and nutritional quality; (iv) food retail; and (v) food pricing. Relevant data sources were searched for currently implemented nutrition-related government policies that may have relevance to OFD platforms.

resultsA total of 2012 records were screened, and 43 studies were included. There were 70 relevant study outcomes across the included studies, which addressed one or more of the 5 domains. Of these, 21 were relevant to 'Food Promotion' (30%), 18 to 'Food Retail' (26%), 15 to 'Food Composition (21%), 11 to 'Food Prices' (16%), and six to 'Food Labelling' (9%). Three existing policies from international jurisdictions (England, Singapore, EU) included OFD platforms, of which one was a voluntary measure. Several existing policies under food labelling have the potential to be amended to include OFD platforms under regulatory definitions.

conclusionOFD platforms have emerged as a disruptor to how people acquire their food and have yet to be widely included in existing nutrition-related policies. Advancing the evidence base to support the design of effective policy actions and mitigate the potential negative health impacts of OFD platforms will support efforts to improve population diets.

Indexed as

Nutrition PolicyAustraliaFood LabelingHumansInternetDigital food environmentFood away from homeNutrition policyOFDOnline food deliveryPublic policy

Identifiers

PMID39558372
PMCPMC11575118

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.