Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39558480›Full record

ReviewGut microbes

Microbiota-derived small molecule genotoxins: host interactions and ecological impact in the gut ecosystem.

Ellen L Zechner, Sabine Kienesberger

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Harnessing the microbiome for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Divergent roles for complement components C3 and C4 in controllingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. ProbioticJournal of biomedical research · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ellen L ZechnerInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-2035-1898
Sabine KienesbergerInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-3190-3678

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human intestinal tract is densely colonized by a microbial community that is subject to intense competition. Bacteria in this complex habitat seek to outcompete their neighbors for nutrients and eliminate competitors with antibacterial toxins. Antagonism can be mediated by diverse effectors including toxic proteins and small molecule inhibitors that are released extracellularly or delivered by specialized secretion systems to targeted cells. Two prototypical microbiota-derived enterotoxins, colibactin and tilimycin, and the newly discovered family of indolimines represent an expanding group of non-proteinaceous small molecules which specifically target DNA. In addition to cell killing, they generate mutations and genome instability in intoxicated microbes and host cells alike. They have been studied in detail because of their direct toxicity to human cells and important etiological roles in intestinal pathologies. Increasing evidence, however, reveals that these commensal genotoxins are also mediators of interbacterial antagonism, which impacts gut microbial ecology. In this review, we illustrate the functional versatility of commensal genotoxins in the gut ecosystem.

Indexed as

BacteriaGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHost Microbial InteractionsAnimalsEnterotoxinsHumansMutagensPeptidesPolyketidescolibactinEnterotoxinsMutagensPeptidesPolyketidesBacterial antagonismcolibactincolitiscolonization resistancecolorectal cancercompetitive interferenceDNA damageearly-life colonizationindolimineinflammatory bowel diseaseKlebsiellanecrotizing enterocolitissecondary metabolitestilimycintilivalline

Identifiers

PMID39558480
PMCPMC11581169

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.