Evidence mapPaperPMID 39562286Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Circulating inflammatory proteins are elevated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and associated to complications.

Julia I P van Heck, Mandala Ajie, Leo A B Joosten, Cees J Tack, Rinke Stienstra

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Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Systemic Inflammation and Peripheral T Cell Responses Associate With Hepatic Energy Metabolism in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Julia I P van HeckDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6929-9624
Mandala AjieDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0310-7842
Leo A B JoostenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Cees J TackDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0322-1653
Rinke StienstraDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Funding

Top Sector Life Sciences & Health to Samenwerkende Gezondheidsfondsen (SGF) LSHM18057-SGF
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe presence of low-grade inflammation has been reported in people with type 2 diabetes and related to the development of (macro)vascular complications. Whether systemic inflammation is present in type 1 diabetes and linked to long-term complications remains unknown. We used a targeted proteomics approach to compare inflammation in people with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes with control subjects and linked these proteins to diabetes related characteristics and complications.

methodsWe included 233 participants with type 1 diabetes, 387 participants with type 2 diabetes and 150 healthy controls. Plasma was collected and used to determine high sensitive C-reactive proteins (hs-CRP) and an additional 92 inflammatory proteins using the Olink proteomics platform.

resultsCompared to healthy controls, 41 circulating inflammatory proteins were higher in type 1 diabetes (FDR < 0.05) and 64 inflammatory proteins in type 2 diabetes (FDR < 0.05) (including CXCL5, IL-15RA, MCP-4 and AXIN1 for both groups). HbA

conclusionsBoth type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased circulating inflammatory protein concentrations, but the increase is more pronounced in type 2 diabetes. These results suggest both differences in drivers of inflammation between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as potential similarities in pathways involved in the development of diabetes-associated complications.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2InflammationAdultAgedBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesC-Reactive ProteinDiabetic AngiopathiesDiabetic NephropathiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedProteomicsBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinGlycated Hemoglobininflammationmacrovascular complicationsmicrovascular complicationsproteomicstype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39562286
PMCPMC11701194

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.