ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2024
BMSC-derived exosomes promote osteoporosis alleviation via M2 macrophage polarization.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells exosomes for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: from preclinical to clinical research.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Exosomes in Metabolic Bone Diseases: Regulators, Biomarkers and Targeted Delivery Systems.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Macrophage-MSCs Interplay in Orthodontic Bone Remodelling: Mechanics-Immunity-Stem Cell Axis.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Immunomodulatory Mediators in Angiogenic-Osteogenic Coupling: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Smart and stimuli-responsive hydrogels for controlled exosome delivery in bone tissue engineering: from passive carriers to intelligent therapeutic platforms.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Review
- HIRA promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and ameliorates osteoporosis by mediating M2 polarization of macrophages through the YAP1/β-catenin pathway.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Therapeutic strategy for exosome-based bone regeneration to osteoporosis: Challenges and potential solutions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Exosomes in bone health and disease: cellular crosstalk, systemic signaling, and AI-driven advances in regenerative therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Microbial messengers: decoding the gut microbiota's role in bone health through immunomodulation and exosomal signaling.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Application Strategies of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone-Related Diseases.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- FeBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- BMSC exosomes promote neurogenesis and alleviate behavioral deficits in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: an animal model-based study.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Recent progress in immunomodulation-based strategies for bone repair.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- RAD51 promotes osteogenic differentiation and inhibits DNA damage in osteoporosis though regulating cGAS-STING signaling pathway.Regenerative therapy · 2026Article
- Identification of a Force-Induced Sox9Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exosome-enabled bone defect repair: mechanistic foundations, bioengineered delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exosomes Derived from BMSCs Treated with CeONPs Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Jaw Bone Injury via miR-21-5p/STAT3 Axis-Mediated Osteogenesis and ROS Scavenging.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Enhancing osteoporosis treatment: emerging roles of engineered exosomes in bone regeneration and repair.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass due to imbalanced bone metabolism. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to play roles in various diseases. This study aimed to clarify the regulatory function and molecular mechanism of BMSCs-derived exosomes in osteogenic differentiation and their potential therapeutic effects on osteoporosis. Exosomes were extracted from BMSCs. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were cultured and internalized with BMSCs-derived exosomes. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of macrophage surface markers and tripartite motif (TRIM) family genes. BMDMs were co-cultured with human osteoblasts to assess osteogenic differentiation. Western blot was performed to analyze the ubiquitination of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 1 (TREM1) mediated by TRIM25. An ovariectomized mice model was established to evaluate the role of TRIM25 and exosomes in osteoporosis. Exosomes were successfully isolated from BMSCs. BMSCs-derived exosomes upregulated TRIM25 expression, promoting M2 macrophage polarization and osteogenic differentiation. TRIM25 facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of TREM1. Overexpression of TREM1 reversed the enhanced M2 macrophage polarization and osteogenic differentiation caused by TRIM25 overexpression. TRIM25 enhanced the protective effect of BMSCs-derived exosomes against bone loss in mice. These findings suggested that BMSCs-derived exosomes promoted osteogenic differentiation by regulating M2 macrophage polarization through TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of TREM1. This mechanism might provide a novel approach for treating osteoporosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.